HOW GCMAF WORKS
Your body’s own internal medicine
Your GcMAF empowers your body to cure itself. In a healthy person your own GcMAF has 11 actions discovered so far, including two on cells, three excellent effects on the brain, and 6 on cancer. Amongst these it acts as a “director” of your immune system. But viruses and malignant cells like cancer send out an enzyme called Nagalase that prevents production of your GcMAF: that stops its 11 beneficial effects, and neutralises your immune system. So diseases become chronic, and cancer cells grow unchecked.
Minutes after a receiving a dose, 10 of the body’s actions restart. In three weeks of two GcMAF 0.25ml doses a week, your immune system is rebuilt to above normal strength. You need two doses a week for typically 24 weeks for many diseases and early cancers, up to seven one ml doses a week and a year for stage 4 cancers. Your body then takes the disease down without side effects, and successfully in 80% of cases -depending upon how well you follow the protocol under “Treatment Protocol” on this website.
What is GcMAF?
It is a human protein. One week’s GcMAF looks like a small raindrop. If properly produced it is perfectly sterile, and a most ethical course for doctors.
GcMAF is therefore a replacement therapy for those who can’t make their own. Taking GcMAF replaces the missing part of the immune system, and also acts as the body’s own internal medicine.
GcMAF is extracted and isolated; its a 24 step process, and at the end it must have tests to prove its sterility and activity. (If it does not come with published tests, its probably not GcMAF.) One GcMAF has been tested in universities, laboratories and clinics, where, as a result of the testing, consistent activity and sterility have always been found, and been the subject of 40 scientific research papers.
What does GcMAF do?
The GcMAF Conference 2013 showed GcMAF is a far more powerful molecule than thought, both in terms of the science, and doctors’ results. In stage 4 cancer, some doctors who use the full protocol, listed on “Treatment Strategies,” are saving every patient (if they have not had chemotherapy.) Success can be achieved with all tumour cancers including breast, lung, prostate, pancreatic and melanoma.
GcMAF can eradicate chronic inflammation and viral infections. It is better than antibiotics in many areas, and 25% successful with Autism, 50% or more with Chronic Herpes, Chronic Acne, Chronic cirrhosis of the liver, Chronic kidney disease, Chronic depression, Colitis, Crohn’s, Fibromyalgia, Hepatitis, Herpes, LMBBS, ME/CFS, Osteoporosis, Periodontal disease, Psoriasis and various types of Immune dysfunction including allergies. Research shows GcMAF can halt deterioration in Parkinsons, multiple sclerosis (MS), dementia and ALS, and in its role of immune system regulator, can reverse diseases that attack the immune system like Lupus and Arthritis. And is effective with wound healing. Its successful with tumour cancers, and some others.
In addition to rebuilding a depressed immune system, GcMAF:
Inhibits angiogenesis – stops blood supply to tumours
Activates macrophages – phagocytosis and destruction of cancer cells
Apoptosis – suicide of cancer cells
Reverts the cancer cell phenotype to normal (Turns cancer cells into healthy cells)
Reduces the metastatic potential of human cancer cells in culture.
Increases energy production at the mitochondrial level – ME/CFS
Improves human neuronal metabolic activity through cAMP signaling – autism, ME/CFS, MS, ALS
Counters toxic effects including cadmium – ME/CFS
It abolishes neuropathic pain due to neuro-oxidative stress (stress due to the anti-cancer drug oxaliplatin) in the lab. (neurodegenerative diseases and autism that have oxidative stress as a pathogenetic mechanism)
It increases neuronal connectivity by promoting differentiation and the formation of dendrites and neuritis (autism and ME/CFS, where there is a lack of connectivity between neurons).
See the 31 research papers published, particularly Brescia, and the 60 published by others listed under “The science”.
80% of terminal stage four tumour cancers cases can be saved (40% if they’ve had chemo), but usually when they are closely monitored, which is why residential Treatment Centres are being run in Switzerland. If they have three months to live and have not had chemo, almost no one needs to be lost.
Your GcMAF empowers your body to cure itself. In a healthy person your own GcMAF has 11 actions discovered so far, including two on cells, three excellent effects on the brain, and 6 on cancer. Amongst these it acts as a “director” of your immune system. But viruses and malignant cells like cancer send out an enzyme called Nagalase that prevents production of your GcMAF: that stops its 11 beneficial effects, and neutralises your immune system. So diseases become chronic, and cancer cells grow unchecked.
Minutes after a receiving a dose, 10 of the body’s actions restart. In three weeks of two GcMAF 0.25ml doses a week, your immune system is rebuilt to above normal strength. You need two doses a week for typically 24 weeks for many diseases and early cancers, up to seven one ml doses a week and a year for stage 4 cancers. Your body then takes the disease down without side effects, and successfully in 80% of cases -depending upon how well you follow the protocol under “Treatment Protocol” on this website.
What is GcMAF?
It is a human protein. One week’s GcMAF looks like a small raindrop. If properly produced it is perfectly sterile, and a most ethical course for doctors.
GcMAF is therefore a replacement therapy for those who can’t make their own. Taking GcMAF replaces the missing part of the immune system, and also acts as the body’s own internal medicine.
GcMAF is extracted and isolated; its a 24 step process, and at the end it must have tests to prove its sterility and activity. (If it does not come with published tests, its probably not GcMAF.) One GcMAF has been tested in universities, laboratories and clinics, where, as a result of the testing, consistent activity and sterility have always been found, and been the subject of 40 scientific research papers.
What does GcMAF do?
The GcMAF Conference 2013 showed GcMAF is a far more powerful molecule than thought, both in terms of the science, and doctors’ results. In stage 4 cancer, some doctors who use the full protocol, listed on “Treatment Strategies,” are saving every patient (if they have not had chemotherapy.) Success can be achieved with all tumour cancers including breast, lung, prostate, pancreatic and melanoma.
GcMAF can eradicate chronic inflammation and viral infections. It is better than antibiotics in many areas, and 25% successful with Autism, 50% or more with Chronic Herpes, Chronic Acne, Chronic cirrhosis of the liver, Chronic kidney disease, Chronic depression, Colitis, Crohn’s, Fibromyalgia, Hepatitis, Herpes, LMBBS, ME/CFS, Osteoporosis, Periodontal disease, Psoriasis and various types of Immune dysfunction including allergies. Research shows GcMAF can halt deterioration in Parkinsons, multiple sclerosis (MS), dementia and ALS, and in its role of immune system regulator, can reverse diseases that attack the immune system like Lupus and Arthritis. And is effective with wound healing. Its successful with tumour cancers, and some others.
In addition to rebuilding a depressed immune system, GcMAF:
Inhibits angiogenesis – stops blood supply to tumours
Activates macrophages – phagocytosis and destruction of cancer cells
Apoptosis – suicide of cancer cells
Reverts the cancer cell phenotype to normal (Turns cancer cells into healthy cells)
Reduces the metastatic potential of human cancer cells in culture.
Increases energy production at the mitochondrial level – ME/CFS
Improves human neuronal metabolic activity through cAMP signaling – autism, ME/CFS, MS, ALS
Counters toxic effects including cadmium – ME/CFS
It abolishes neuropathic pain due to neuro-oxidative stress (stress due to the anti-cancer drug oxaliplatin) in the lab. (neurodegenerative diseases and autism that have oxidative stress as a pathogenetic mechanism)
It increases neuronal connectivity by promoting differentiation and the formation of dendrites and neuritis (autism and ME/CFS, where there is a lack of connectivity between neurons).
See the 31 research papers published, particularly Brescia, and the 60 published by others listed under “The science”.
80% of terminal stage four tumour cancers cases can be saved (40% if they’ve had chemo), but usually when they are closely monitored, which is why residential Treatment Centres are being run in Switzerland. If they have three months to live and have not had chemo, almost no one needs to be lost.
PRE-CLINICAL TRIALS
Clinics, doctors and those diagnosed with any of these illnesses, and who have done their own research on GcMAF, are invited to respond. We ask for a copy of diagnostic information and update reports from a physician during and after treatments, to help build the case that GcMAF is effective for various illnesses, which will help to make it available to the public. Participants are free to stop at any time.
Research universities are supplied, together with 350 clinics and doctors, with 8,000 participants, with GcMAF tested for activity, which can only be done reliably with live cell assays like the one on the front page, which is a time lapse video of the 8th assay done in the laboratory – where you can see GcMAF activating macrophages and eating cancers cells. We are the only people in the world with this technology.
Click “Quality: Video:” cancer cells turned back into healthy cells” to see what happens to cancer cells when GcMAF is added without macrophages. This again is a world first, and again it has been done in our laboratory.
Our first research abstract paper on our results was published simultaneously on 1st February at the 5th Immunotherapeutics Conference in San Diego California, and at the PMTC Conference at the Universtiy of Sharjah, UAE.
We promised six more scientific research papers during 2013; the first of those, about the histology of GcMAF destroying breast and brain cancer cells, was accepted at the Immunotherapy and Immunomonitoring Conference Krakow, Poland, 22-24th April. But in fact we had written 12 in the first six months of 2013; All 12 have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication in Immunology conferences or prestigious scientific journals. 16 research papers were published in 2013, and 15 in 2014.
Research universities are supplied, together with 350 clinics and doctors, with 8,000 participants, with GcMAF tested for activity, which can only be done reliably with live cell assays like the one on the front page, which is a time lapse video of the 8th assay done in the laboratory – where you can see GcMAF activating macrophages and eating cancers cells. We are the only people in the world with this technology.
Click “Quality: Video:” cancer cells turned back into healthy cells” to see what happens to cancer cells when GcMAF is added without macrophages. This again is a world first, and again it has been done in our laboratory.
Our first research abstract paper on our results was published simultaneously on 1st February at the 5th Immunotherapeutics Conference in San Diego California, and at the PMTC Conference at the Universtiy of Sharjah, UAE.
We promised six more scientific research papers during 2013; the first of those, about the histology of GcMAF destroying breast and brain cancer cells, was accepted at the Immunotherapy and Immunomonitoring Conference Krakow, Poland, 22-24th April. But in fact we had written 12 in the first six months of 2013; All 12 have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication in Immunology conferences or prestigious scientific journals. 16 research papers were published in 2013, and 15 in 2014.
WHAT HAVE WE LEARNT
The 180 scientists who have published papers on trials of GcMAF selected those in the early stages of cancer and HIV, and reported nearly 100 percent success, with no recurrence after many years. They did not attempt trials on people with large tumours.
Our trials are quite different: many people are over 50, some over 80, with advanced or terminal cancers, with significant tumour mass. Most come to us when there doctors tell them they can do no more.
The life of GcMAF is only six days – you have to keep taking it until your disease has gone (ie your nagalase is under 0.65 nmol/min/mg) then a further 8 weeks, or the immune system gets shut down again.
How long should you take GcMAF for?
8 weeks for chronic herpes/acne, fibromyalgia, inflammation.
Allow 24 weeks plus of GcMAF for: Autism (85% improve, 25% eradication), CFS (70% eradication), HIV, Lyme (8% respond, most appear to have the VDR gene blocked and the viruses conceal themselves with biofilms) and stage 1 to 2 cancer, (80% respond).
Late stage cancer, if you follow “Treatment Protocol” again has 80% responders, but it takes a year to 18 months to become cancer free.
Cirrhosis of the liver: 16 months
Remember everyone responds differently. We can’t say how you will respond.
The more minor the disease, the easier it is for GcMAF to eradicate. GcMAF needs normal levels of vitamin D to function strongly (take 10,000iu a day). in low responders, larger doses are required.
We have probably proved GcMAF can work for people up to age 90, and can destroy large tumour mass. See “Participants experiences”.
If you have your blood taken for monocyte counts, relevant markers and vitamin D levels, and again for a nagalase test at the beginning, you should see on your next test after three weeks that your immune system is back to full strength, and after 8 weeks significantly falling nagalase will indicate the disease is losing its grip. Don’t stop the GcMAF until your nagalase gets below 0.65 nmol/min/mg, when it loses the ability to prevent your body producing your own GcMAF, and then you no longer need ours. Even better, get scans.
Autism children can improve at five weeks with substantial improvements at 8 weeks. See “Participants experiences.” But everyone is different.
The beauty of using your own immune system to attack disease or cancer is that it remembers how to defeat it for the rest of your life: it doesn’t come back. And unlike chemotherapy, the side effects are trivial.
The only way you can tell if GcMAF is genuine and active is to test with living cells in a laboratory. See “Quality and Tests of our GcMAF.” To recap:
We put live macrophages cells and MCF7 breast cancer cells together; nothing happens. Then we add GcMAF; in 72 hours the macrophages eat all the MCF7 cancer cells. We then put only GcMAF and MCF7 together, and the GcMAF turns the cancer cells back into healthy cells.
We have GcMAF available for preclinical trials. See “Buy GcMAF”.
You must read at least all of “Buy GcMAF” and “Treatment strategies” on the left if you want to take this further. And you must be prepared to give us feedback.
Our trials are quite different: many people are over 50, some over 80, with advanced or terminal cancers, with significant tumour mass. Most come to us when there doctors tell them they can do no more.
The life of GcMAF is only six days – you have to keep taking it until your disease has gone (ie your nagalase is under 0.65 nmol/min/mg) then a further 8 weeks, or the immune system gets shut down again.
How long should you take GcMAF for?
8 weeks for chronic herpes/acne, fibromyalgia, inflammation.
Allow 24 weeks plus of GcMAF for: Autism (85% improve, 25% eradication), CFS (70% eradication), HIV, Lyme (8% respond, most appear to have the VDR gene blocked and the viruses conceal themselves with biofilms) and stage 1 to 2 cancer, (80% respond).
Late stage cancer, if you follow “Treatment Protocol” again has 80% responders, but it takes a year to 18 months to become cancer free.
Cirrhosis of the liver: 16 months
Remember everyone responds differently. We can’t say how you will respond.
The more minor the disease, the easier it is for GcMAF to eradicate. GcMAF needs normal levels of vitamin D to function strongly (take 10,000iu a day). in low responders, larger doses are required.
We have probably proved GcMAF can work for people up to age 90, and can destroy large tumour mass. See “Participants experiences”.
If you have your blood taken for monocyte counts, relevant markers and vitamin D levels, and again for a nagalase test at the beginning, you should see on your next test after three weeks that your immune system is back to full strength, and after 8 weeks significantly falling nagalase will indicate the disease is losing its grip. Don’t stop the GcMAF until your nagalase gets below 0.65 nmol/min/mg, when it loses the ability to prevent your body producing your own GcMAF, and then you no longer need ours. Even better, get scans.
Autism children can improve at five weeks with substantial improvements at 8 weeks. See “Participants experiences.” But everyone is different.
The beauty of using your own immune system to attack disease or cancer is that it remembers how to defeat it for the rest of your life: it doesn’t come back. And unlike chemotherapy, the side effects are trivial.
The only way you can tell if GcMAF is genuine and active is to test with living cells in a laboratory. See “Quality and Tests of our GcMAF.” To recap:
We put live macrophages cells and MCF7 breast cancer cells together; nothing happens. Then we add GcMAF; in 72 hours the macrophages eat all the MCF7 cancer cells. We then put only GcMAF and MCF7 together, and the GcMAF turns the cancer cells back into healthy cells.
We have GcMAF available for preclinical trials. See “Buy GcMAF”.
You must read at least all of “Buy GcMAF” and “Treatment strategies” on the left if you want to take this further. And you must be prepared to give us feedback.
As of June 2016, on the American National Library of Medicine alone, 180 eminent scientists from 8 nations have re-published 73 major GcMAF research papers. These can be viewed on the US Government’s Pubmed system.
There are as many papers published in other nations again, so worldwide the total will be around 140 research papers by 300 scientsts.
At Immuno Biotech Ltd we’ve written 33 research papers on GcMAF since 2012. All peer reviewed and published in prestigious scientific journals or immunology conferences. And they are also on this website. Only half are on Pubmed.
Here is the list on the US Library of Medicine, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed searching on:
GcMAF OR DBPMAF OR “vitamin D binding protein” AND “macrophage activating factor”
1: Hamilton G, Rath B, Klameth L, Hochmair MJ. Small cell lung cancer:
Recruitment of macrophages by circulating tumor cells. Oncoimmunology. 2015 Oct
29;5(3):e1093277. eCollection 2016 Mar. PubMed PMID: 27141354; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC4839345.
2: Delanghe JR, Speeckaert R, Speeckaert MM. Behind the scenes of vitamin D
binding protein: more than vitamin D binding. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol
Metab. 2015 Oct;29(5):773-86. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2015.06.006. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
Review. PubMed PMID: 26522461.
3: Inui T, Kubo K, Kuchiike D, Uto Y, Nishikata T, Sakamoto N, Mette M. Oral
Colostrum Macrophage-activating Factor for Serious Infection and Chronic Fatigue
Syndrome: Three Case Reports. Anticancer Res. 2015 Aug;35(8):4545-9. PubMed PMID:
26168499.
4: Uto Y, Kawai T, Sasaki T, Hamada K, Yamada H, Kuchiike D, Kubo K, Inui T,
Mette M, Tokunaga K, Hayakawa A, Go A, Oosaki T. Degalactosylated/Desialylated
Bovine Colostrum Induces Macrophage Phagocytic Activity Independently of
Inflammatory Cytokine Production. Anticancer Res. 2015 Aug;35(8):4487-92. PubMed
PMID: 26168491.
5: Branca JJ, Morucci G, Malentacchi F, Gelmini S, Ruggiero M, Pacini S. Effects
of oxaliplatin and oleic acid Gc-protein-derived macrophage-activating factor on
murine and human microglia. J Neurosci Res. 2015 Sep;93(9):1364-77. doi:
10.1002/jnr.23588. Epub 2015 Mar 18. PubMed PMID: 25782915.
6: Morucci G, Branca JJ, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M, Paternostro F, Pacini A, Di
Cesare Mannelli L, Pacini S. Gc-protein-derived macrophage activating factor
counteracts the neuronal damage induced by oxaliplatin. Anticancer Drugs. 2015
Feb;26(2):197-209. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000177. PubMed PMID: 25304987.
7: Immunotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer with vitamin D-binding
protein-derived macrophage-activating factor, GcMAF. Cancer Immunol
Immunother. 2014 Dec;63(12):1349.
8: ‘Immunotherapy of metastatic breast cancer patients with vitamin D-binding
protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF)’ by Yamamoto, N., Suyama,
H., Yamamoto, N. and Ushijima, N. Int J Cancer. 2014 Sep 15;135(6):1509. PubMed
PMID: 25180398.
9: Inui T, Makita K, Miura H, Matsuda A, Kuchiike D, Kubo K, Mette M, Uto Y,
Nishikata T, Hori H, Sakamoto N. Case report: A breast cancer patient treated
with GcMAF, sonodynamic therapy and hormone therapy. Anticancer Res. 2014
Aug;34(8):4589-93. Erratum in: Anticancer Res. 2015 Apr;35(4):2477. PubMed PMID:
25075104.
10: Ishikawa M, Inoue T, Inui T, Kuchiike D, Kubo K, Uto Y, Nishikata T. A novel
assay system for macrophage-activating factor activity using a human U937 cell
line. Anticancer Res. 2014 Aug;34(8):4577-81. PubMed PMID: 25075102.
11: Ruggiero M, Ward E, Smith R, Branca JJ, Noakes D, Morucci G, Taubmann M,
Thyer L, Pacini S. Oleic Acid, deglycosylated vitamin D-binding protein, nitric
oxide: a molecular triad made lethal to cancer. Anticancer Res. 2014
Jul;34(7):3569-78. PubMed PMID: 24982371.
12: Siniscalco D, Bradstreet JJ, Cirillo A, Antonucci N. The in vitro GcMAF
effects on endocannabinoid system transcriptionomics, receptor formation, and
cell activity of autism-derived macrophages. J Neuroinflammation. 2014 Apr
17;11:78. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-78. PubMed PMID: 24739187; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC3996516.
13: Ikeda T, Kasai M, Tatsukawa E, Kamitakahara M, Shibata Y, Yokoi T, Nemoto TK,
Ioku K. A bone substitute with high affinity for vitamin D-binding
protein–relationship with niche of osteoclasts. J Cell Mol Med. 2014
Jan;18(1):170-80. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12180. Epub 2013 Nov 28. PubMed PMID:
24286277; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3916128.
14: Thyer L, Ward E, Smith R, Branca JJ, Morucci G, Gulisano M, Noakes D,
Eslinger R, Pacini S. GC protein-derived macrophage-activating factor decreases
α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase levels in advanced cancer patients. Oncoimmunology.
2013 Aug 1;2(8):e25769. Epub 2013 Jul 29. PubMed PMID: 24179708; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC3812199.
15: Sayegh L, Fuleihan Gel-H, Nassar AH. Vitamin D in endometriosis: a causative
or confounding factor? Metabolism. 2014 Jan;63(1):32-41. doi:
10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.012. Epub 2013 Oct 14. Review. PubMed PMID: 24135500.
16: Thyer L, Ward E, Smith R, Fiore MG, Magherini S, Branca JJ, Morucci G,
Gulisano M, Ruggiero M, Pacini S. A novel role for a major component of the
vitamin D axis: vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor
induces human breast cancer cell apoptosis through stimulation of macrophages.
Nutrients. 2013 Jul 8;5(7):2577-89. doi: 10.3390/nu5072577. PubMed PMID:
23857228; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3738989.
17: Inui T, Kuchiike D, Kubo K, Mette M, Uto Y, Hori H, Sakamoto N. Clinical
experience of integrative cancer immunotherapy with GcMAF. Anticancer Res. 2013
Jul;33(7):2917-9. PubMed PMID: 23780980.
18: Hirota K, Nakagawa Y, Takeuchi R, Uto Y, Hori H, Onizuka S, Terada H.
Antitumor effect of degalactosylated gc-globulin on orthotopic grafted lung
cancer in mice. Anticancer Res. 2013 Jul;33(7):2911-5. PubMed PMID: 23780979.
19: Kuchiike D, Uto Y, Mukai H, Ishiyama N, Abe C, Tanaka D, Kawai T, Kubo K,
Mette M, Inui T, Endo Y, Hori H. Degalactosylated/desialylated human serum
containing GcMAF induces macrophage phagocytic activity and in vivo antitumor
activity. Anticancer Res. 2013 Jul;33(7):2881-5. PubMed PMID: 23780974.
20: Toyohara Y, Hashitani S, Kishimoto H, Noguchi K, Yamamoto N, Urade M.
Inhibitory effect of vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating
factor on DMBA-induced hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis and its derived
carcinoma cell line. Oncol Lett. 2011 Jul;2(4):685-691. Epub 2011 May 13. PubMed
PMID: 22848250; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3406437.
21: Bellone M, Rigamonti N. Vitamin D-binding protein-derived
macrophage-activating factor, GcMAF, and prostate cancer. Cancer Immunol
Immunother. 2012 Dec;61(12):2377-8. doi: 10.1007/s00262-012-1310-9. Epub 2012 Jun
28. PubMed PMID: 22740161.
22: Uto Y, Yamamoto S, Mukai H, Ishiyama N, Takeuchi R, Nakagawa Y, Hirota K,
Terada H, Onizuka S, Hori H. β-Galactosidase treatment is a common first-stage
modification of the three major subtypes of Gc protein to GcMAF. Anticancer Res.
2012 Jun;32(6):2359-64. PubMed PMID: 22641675.
23: Pacini S, Punzi T, Morucci G, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M. Effects of vitamin
D-binding protein-derived macrophage-activating factor on human breast cancer
cells. Anticancer Res. 2012 Jan;32(1):45-52. PubMed PMID: 22213287.
24: Pacini S, Morucci G, Punzi T, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M, Amato M, Aterini S.
Effect of paricalcitol and GcMAF on angiogenesis and human peripheral blood
mononuclear cell proliferation and signaling. J Nephrol. 2012
Jul-Aug;25(4):577-81. doi: 10.5301/jn.5000035. PubMed PMID: 21956771.
25: Uto Y, Yamamoto S, Takeuchi R, Nakagawa Y, Hirota K, Terada H, Onizuka S,
Nakata E, Hori H. Effect of the Gc-derived macrophage-activating factor precursor
(preGcMAF) on phagocytic activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Anticancer
Res. 2011 Jul;31(7):2489-92. PubMed PMID: 21873164.
26: Debruyne E, Speeckaert M, Weygaerde YV, Delanghe J. Phenotype of Gc-globulin
influences the macrophage activating factor (MAF) levels in serum. Clin Chem Lab
Med. 2011 Nov;49(11):1855-60. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2011.676. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
PubMed PMID: 21859424.
27: Pacini S, Morucci G, Punzi T, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M. Gc protein-derived
macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) stimulates cAMP formation in human
mononuclear cells and inhibits angiogenesis in chick embryo chorionallantoic
membrane assay. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2011 Apr;60(4):479-85. doi:
10.1007/s00262-010-0953-7. Epub 2010 Dec 14. PubMed PMID: 21170647.
28: Faserl K, Golderer G, Kremser L, Lindner H, Sarg B, Wildt L, Seeber B.
Polymorphism in vitamin D-binding protein as a genetic risk factor in the
pathogenesis of endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jan;96(1):E233-41.
doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-1532. Epub 2010 Oct 27. PubMed PMID: 20980430.
29: Gregory KJ, Zhao B, Bielenberg DR, Dridi S, Wu J, Jiang W, Huang B,
Pirie-Shepherd S, Fannon M. Vitamin D binding protein-macrophage activating
factor directly inhibits proliferation, migration, and uPAR expression of
prostate cancer cells. PLoS One. 2010 Oct 18;5(10):e13428. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0013428. PubMed PMID: 20976141; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC2956649.
30: Nonaka K, Onizuka S, Ishibashi H, Uto Y, Hori H, Nakayama T, Matsuura N,
Kanematsu T, Fujioka H. Vitamin D binding protein-macrophage activating factor
inhibits HCC in SCID mice. J Surg Res. 2012 Jan;172(1):116-22. doi:
10.1016/j.jss.2010.07.057. Epub 2010 Sep 17. PubMed PMID: 20855083.
31: Ravnsborg T, Olsen DT, Thysen AH, Christiansen M, Houen G, Højrup P. The
glycosylation and characterization of the candidate Gc macrophage activating
factor. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Apr;1804(4):909-17. doi:
10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.12.022. Epub 2010 Jan 13. PubMed PMID: 20079467.
32: Rehder DS, Nelson RW, Borges CR. Glycosylation status of vitamin D binding
protein in cancer patients. Protein Sci. 2009 Oct;18(10):2036-42. doi:
10.1002/pro.214. PubMed PMID: 19642159; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2786967.
33: Fang Y, van Meurs JB, Arp P, van Leeuwen JP, Hofman A, Pols HA, Uitterlinden
AG. Vitamin D binding protein genotype and osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int. 2009
Aug;85(2):85-93. doi: 10.1007/s00223-009-9251-9. Epub 2009 Jun 2. PubMed PMID:
19488670; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2729412.
34: Yamamoto N, Ushijima N, Koga Y. Immunotherapy of HIV-infected patients with
Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF). J Med Virol. 2009
Jan;81(1):16-26. doi: 10.1002/jmv.21376.
35: Yamamoto N, Suyama H, Yamamoto N. Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer with Gc
Protein-Derived Macrophage-Activating Factor, GcMAF. Transl Oncol. 2008
Jul;1(2):65-72. PubMed PMID: 18633461; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2510818.
36: Spiriti J, Bogani F, van der Vaart A, Ghirlanda G. Modulation of protein
stability by O-glycosylation in a designed Gc-MAF analog. Biophys Chem. 2008
May;134(3):157-67. doi: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.02.005. Epub 2008 Feb 21. PubMed PMID:
18329161.
37: Yamamoto N, Suyama H, Nakazato H, Yamamoto N, Koga Y. Immunotherapy of
metastatic colorectal cancer with vitamin D-binding protein-derived
macrophage-activating factor, GcMAF. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2008
Jul;57(7):1007-16. Retraction in: Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2014
Dec;63(12):1349. PubMed PMID: 18058096.
38: Yamamoto N, Suyama H, Yamamoto N, Ushijima N. Immunotherapy of metastatic
breast cancer patients with vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage
activating factor (GcMAF). Int J Cancer. 2008 Jan 15;122(2):461-7. Retraction in:
Int J Cancer. 2014 Sep 15;135(6):1509. PubMed PMID: 17935130.
39: Meier U, Gressner O, Lammert F, Gressner AM. Gc-globulin: roles in response
to injury. Clin Chem. 2006 Jul;52(7):1247-53. Epub 2006 May 18. Review. PubMed
PMID: 16709624.
40: Kalkunte S, Brard L, Granai CO, Swamy N. Inhibition of angiogenesis by
vitamin D-binding protein: characterization of anti-endothelial activity of
DBP-maf. Angiogenesis. 2005;8(4):349-60. Epub 2006 Jan 7. PubMed PMID: 16400520.
41: Yamamoto N, Urade M. Pathogenic significance of
alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity found in the hemagglutinin of influenza
virus. Microbes Infect. 2005 Apr;7(4):674-81. Epub 2005 Mar 22. PubMed PMID:
15848273.
42: Nagasawa H, Sasaki H, Uto Y, Kubo S, Hori H. Association of the macrophage
activating factor (MAF) precursor activity with polymorphism in vitamin D-binding
protein. Anticancer Res. 2004 Sep-Oct;24(5C):3361-6. PubMed PMID: 15515432.
43: Onizuka S, Kawakami S, Taniguchi K, Fujioka H, Miyashita K. Pancreatic
carcinogenesis: apoptosis and angiogenesis. Pancreas. 2004 Apr;28(3):317-9.
PubMed PMID: 15084979.
44: Matsuura T, Uematsu T, Yamaoka M, Furusawa K. Effect of salivary gland
adenocarcinoma cell-derived alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase on the bioactivity of
macrophage activating factor. Int J Oncol. 2004 Mar;24(3):521-8. PubMed PMID:
14767536.
45: Schneider GB, Grecco KJ, Safadi FF, Popoff SN. The anabolic effects of
vitamin D-binding protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-MAF) and a novel
small peptide on bone. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2003;13(2-4):277-84. PubMed
PMID: 14696974.
46: Mohamad SB, Nagasawa H, Sasaki H, Uto Y, Nakagawa Y, Kawashima K, Hori H. Gc
protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF): isoelectric focusing
pattern and tumoricidal activity. Anticancer Res. 2003 Nov-Dec;23(6a):4451-7.
PubMed PMID: 14666733.
47: Gumireddy K, Reddy CD, Swamy N. Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway
mediates DBP-maf-induced apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Cell Biochem. 2003
Sep 1;90(1):87-96. PubMed PMID: 12938159.
48: Kisker O, Onizuka S, Becker CM, Fannon M, Flynn E, D’Amato R, Zetter B,
Folkman J, Ray R, Swamy N, Pirie-Shepherd S. Vitamin D binding protein-macrophage
activating factor (DBP-maf) inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in mice.
Neoplasia. 2003 Jan-Feb;5(1):32-40. PubMed PMID: 12659668; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC1502120.
49: Mohamad SB, Nagasawa H, Uto Y, Hori H. Preparation of Gc protein-derived
macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) and its structural characterization and
biological activities. Anticancer Res. 2002 Nov-Dec;22(6C):4297-300. PubMed PMID:
12553073.
50: Kanda S, Mochizuki Y, Miyata Y, Kanetake H, Yamamoto N. Effects of vitamin
D(3)-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) on
angiogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002 Sep 4;94(17):1311-9. PubMed PMID:
12208896.
51: Swamy N, Ghosh S, Schneider GB, Ray R. Baculovirus-expressed vitamin
D-binding protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-maf) activates osteoclasts
and binding of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) does not influence this activity. J Cell
Biochem. 2001;81(3):535-46. PubMed PMID: 11255236.
52: Kanan RM, Cook DB, Datta HK. Lectin immunoassay for macrophage-activating
factor (Gc-MAF) produced by deglycosylation of Gc-globulin: evidence for
noninducible generation of Gc-MAF. Clin Chem. 2000 Mar;46(3):412-4. PubMed PMID:
10702530.
53: Odgren PR, Popoff SN, Safadi FF, MacKay CA, Mason-Savas A, Seifert MF, Marks
SC Jr. The toothless osteopetrotic rat has a normal vitamin D-binding
protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-MAF) cascade and chondrodysplasia
resistant to treatments with colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and/or DBP-MAF.
Bone. 1999 Aug;25(2):175-81. PubMed PMID: 10456382.
54: Koga Y, Naraparaju VR, Yamamoto N. Antitumor effect of vitamin D-binding
protein-derived macrophage activating factor on Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing
mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1999 Jan;220(1):20-6. PubMed PMID: 9893164.
55: Adebanjo OA, Moonga BS, Haddad JG, Huang CL, Zaidi M. A possible new role for
vitamin D-binding protein in osteoclast control: inhibition of extracellular Ca2+
sensing at low physiological concentrations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Aug
28;249(3):668-71. PubMed PMID: 9731194.
56: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR. Structurally well-defined macrophage activating
factor derived from vitamin D3-binding protein has a potent adjuvant activity for
immunization. Immunol Cell Biol. 1998 Jun;76(3):237-44. PubMed PMID: 9682967.
57: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR. Immunotherapy of BALB/c mice bearing Ehrlich
ascites tumor with vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating
factor. Cancer Res. 1997 Jun 1;57(11):2187-92. PubMed PMID: 9187119.
58: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR, Moore M, Brent LH. Deglycosylation of serum
vitamin D3-binding protein by alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase detected in the
plasma of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol Immunopathol.
1997 Mar;82(3):290-8. PubMed PMID: 9073553.
59: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR, Urade M. Prognostic utility of serum
alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and immunosuppression resulted from
deglycosylation of serum Gc protein in oral cancer patients. Cancer Res. 1997 Jan
15;57(2):295-9. PubMed PMID: 9000571.
60: Korbelik M, Naraparaju VR, Yamamoto N. Macrophage-directed immunotherapy as
adjuvant to photodynamic therapy of cancer. Br J Cancer. 1997;75(2):202-7. PubMed
PMID: 9010027; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2063270.
61: Benis KA, Schneider GB. The effects of vitamin D binding protein-macrophage
activating factor and colony-stimulating factor-1 on hematopoietic cells in
normal and osteopetrotic rats. Blood. 1996 Oct 15;88(8):2898-905. PubMed PMID:
8874186.
62: Yamamoto N. Structural definition of a potent macrophage activating factor
derived from vitamin D3-binding protein with adjuvant activity for antibody
production. Mol Immunol. 1996 Oct;33(15):1157-64. PubMed PMID: 9070663.
63: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR. Role of vitamin D3-binding protein in activation
of mouse macrophages. J Immunol. 1996 Aug 15;157(4):1744-9. PubMed PMID: 8759764.
64: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR, Orchard PJ. Defective lymphocyte glycosidases in
the macrophage activation cascade of juvenile osteopetrosis. Blood. 1996 Aug
15;88(4):1473-8. PubMed PMID: 8695868.
65: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR. A defect in inducible beta-galactosidase of B
lymphocytes in the osteopetrotic (mi/mi) mouse. Immunology. 1996
Aug;88(4):604-10. PubMed PMID: 8881764; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1456628.
66: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR, Asbell SO. Deglycosylation of serum vitamin
D3-binding protein leads to immunosuppression in cancer patients. Cancer Res.
1996 Jun 15;56(12):2827-31. PubMed PMID: 8665521.
67: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR. Vitamin D3-binding protein as a precursor for
macrophage activating factor in the inflammation-primed macrophage activation
cascade in rats. Cell Immunol. 1996 Jun 15;170(2):161-7. PubMed PMID: 8660814.
68: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR. A defect in beta-galactosidase of B lymphocytes in
the osteopetrotic (op/op) mouse. Immunol Lett. 1996 Apr;50(1-2):35-40. PubMed
PMID: 8793557.
69: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR, Srinivasula SM. Structural modification of serum
vitamin D3-binding protein and immunosuppression in AIDS patients. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. 1995 Nov;11(11):1373-8. PubMed PMID: 8573395.
70: Schneider GB, Benis KA, Flay NW, Ireland RA, Popoff SN. Effects of vitamin D
binding protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-MAF) infusion on bone
resorption in two osteopetrotic mutations. Bone. 1995 Jun;16(6):657-62. PubMed
PMID: 7669443.
71: Naraparaju VR, Yamamoto N. Roles of beta-galactosidase of B lymphocytes and
sialidase of T lymphocytes in inflammation-primed activation of macrophages.
Immunol Lett. 1994 Dec;43(3):143-8. PubMed PMID: 7721326.
72: Yamamoto N, Willett NP, Lindsay DD. Participation of serum proteins in the
inflammation-primed activation of macrophages. Inflammation. 1994
Jun;18(3):311-22. PubMed PMID: 8088927.
73: Yamamoto N, Lindsay DD, Naraparaju VR, Ireland RA, Popoff SN. A defect in the
inflammation-primed macrophage-activation cascade in osteopetrotic rats. J
Immunol. 1994 May 15;152(10):5100-7. PubMed PMID: 8176226.
74: Yamamoto N, Kumashiro R. Conversion of vitamin D3 binding protein
(group-specific component) to a macrophage activating factor by the stepwise
action of beta-galactosidase of B cells and sialidase of T cells. J Immunol. 1993
Sep 1;151(5):2794-802. PubMed PMID: 8360493.
75: Homma S, Yamamoto M, Yamamoto N. Vitamin D-binding protein (group-specific
component) is the sole serum protein required for macrophage activation after
treatment of peritoneal cells with lysophosphatidylcholine. Immunol Cell Biol.
1993 Aug;71 ( Pt 4):249-57. PubMed PMID: 8225394.
76: Yamamoto N, Homma S, Haddad JG, Kowalski MA. Vitamin D3 binding protein
required for in vitro activation of macrophages after alkylglycerol treatment of
mouse peritoneal cells. Immunology. 1991 Nov;74(3):420-4. PubMed PMID: 1769691;
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1384634.
77: Yamamoto N, Homma S. Vitamin D3 binding protein (group-specific component) is
a precursor for the macrophage-activating signal factor from
lysophosphatidylcholine-treated lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct
1;88(19):8539-43. PubMed PMID: 1924312; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC52544.
78: Yamamoto N, Homma S, Millman I. Identification of the serum factor required
for in vitro activation of macrophages. Role of vitamin D3-binding protein (group
specific component, Gc) in lysophospholipid activation of mouse peritoneal
macrophages. J Immunol. 1991 Jul 1;147(1):273-80. PubMed PMID: 2051023.
There are as many papers published in other nations again, so worldwide the total will be around 140 research papers by 300 scientsts.
At Immuno Biotech Ltd we’ve written 33 research papers on GcMAF since 2012. All peer reviewed and published in prestigious scientific journals or immunology conferences. And they are also on this website. Only half are on Pubmed.
Here is the list on the US Library of Medicine, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed searching on:
GcMAF OR DBPMAF OR “vitamin D binding protein” AND “macrophage activating factor”
1: Hamilton G, Rath B, Klameth L, Hochmair MJ. Small cell lung cancer:
Recruitment of macrophages by circulating tumor cells. Oncoimmunology. 2015 Oct
29;5(3):e1093277. eCollection 2016 Mar. PubMed PMID: 27141354; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC4839345.
2: Delanghe JR, Speeckaert R, Speeckaert MM. Behind the scenes of vitamin D
binding protein: more than vitamin D binding. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol
Metab. 2015 Oct;29(5):773-86. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2015.06.006. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
Review. PubMed PMID: 26522461.
3: Inui T, Kubo K, Kuchiike D, Uto Y, Nishikata T, Sakamoto N, Mette M. Oral
Colostrum Macrophage-activating Factor for Serious Infection and Chronic Fatigue
Syndrome: Three Case Reports. Anticancer Res. 2015 Aug;35(8):4545-9. PubMed PMID:
26168499.
4: Uto Y, Kawai T, Sasaki T, Hamada K, Yamada H, Kuchiike D, Kubo K, Inui T,
Mette M, Tokunaga K, Hayakawa A, Go A, Oosaki T. Degalactosylated/Desialylated
Bovine Colostrum Induces Macrophage Phagocytic Activity Independently of
Inflammatory Cytokine Production. Anticancer Res. 2015 Aug;35(8):4487-92. PubMed
PMID: 26168491.
5: Branca JJ, Morucci G, Malentacchi F, Gelmini S, Ruggiero M, Pacini S. Effects
of oxaliplatin and oleic acid Gc-protein-derived macrophage-activating factor on
murine and human microglia. J Neurosci Res. 2015 Sep;93(9):1364-77. doi:
10.1002/jnr.23588. Epub 2015 Mar 18. PubMed PMID: 25782915.
6: Morucci G, Branca JJ, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M, Paternostro F, Pacini A, Di
Cesare Mannelli L, Pacini S. Gc-protein-derived macrophage activating factor
counteracts the neuronal damage induced by oxaliplatin. Anticancer Drugs. 2015
Feb;26(2):197-209. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000177. PubMed PMID: 25304987.
7: Immunotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer with vitamin D-binding
protein-derived macrophage-activating factor, GcMAF. Cancer Immunol
Immunother. 2014 Dec;63(12):1349.
8: ‘Immunotherapy of metastatic breast cancer patients with vitamin D-binding
protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF)’ by Yamamoto, N., Suyama,
H., Yamamoto, N. and Ushijima, N. Int J Cancer. 2014 Sep 15;135(6):1509. PubMed
PMID: 25180398.
9: Inui T, Makita K, Miura H, Matsuda A, Kuchiike D, Kubo K, Mette M, Uto Y,
Nishikata T, Hori H, Sakamoto N. Case report: A breast cancer patient treated
with GcMAF, sonodynamic therapy and hormone therapy. Anticancer Res. 2014
Aug;34(8):4589-93. Erratum in: Anticancer Res. 2015 Apr;35(4):2477. PubMed PMID:
25075104.
10: Ishikawa M, Inoue T, Inui T, Kuchiike D, Kubo K, Uto Y, Nishikata T. A novel
assay system for macrophage-activating factor activity using a human U937 cell
line. Anticancer Res. 2014 Aug;34(8):4577-81. PubMed PMID: 25075102.
11: Ruggiero M, Ward E, Smith R, Branca JJ, Noakes D, Morucci G, Taubmann M,
Thyer L, Pacini S. Oleic Acid, deglycosylated vitamin D-binding protein, nitric
oxide: a molecular triad made lethal to cancer. Anticancer Res. 2014
Jul;34(7):3569-78. PubMed PMID: 24982371.
12: Siniscalco D, Bradstreet JJ, Cirillo A, Antonucci N. The in vitro GcMAF
effects on endocannabinoid system transcriptionomics, receptor formation, and
cell activity of autism-derived macrophages. J Neuroinflammation. 2014 Apr
17;11:78. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-78. PubMed PMID: 24739187; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC3996516.
13: Ikeda T, Kasai M, Tatsukawa E, Kamitakahara M, Shibata Y, Yokoi T, Nemoto TK,
Ioku K. A bone substitute with high affinity for vitamin D-binding
protein–relationship with niche of osteoclasts. J Cell Mol Med. 2014
Jan;18(1):170-80. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12180. Epub 2013 Nov 28. PubMed PMID:
24286277; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3916128.
14: Thyer L, Ward E, Smith R, Branca JJ, Morucci G, Gulisano M, Noakes D,
Eslinger R, Pacini S. GC protein-derived macrophage-activating factor decreases
α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase levels in advanced cancer patients. Oncoimmunology.
2013 Aug 1;2(8):e25769. Epub 2013 Jul 29. PubMed PMID: 24179708; PubMed Central
PMCID: PMC3812199.
15: Sayegh L, Fuleihan Gel-H, Nassar AH. Vitamin D in endometriosis: a causative
or confounding factor? Metabolism. 2014 Jan;63(1):32-41. doi:
10.1016/j.metabol.2013.09.012. Epub 2013 Oct 14. Review. PubMed PMID: 24135500.
16: Thyer L, Ward E, Smith R, Fiore MG, Magherini S, Branca JJ, Morucci G,
Gulisano M, Ruggiero M, Pacini S. A novel role for a major component of the
vitamin D axis: vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor
induces human breast cancer cell apoptosis through stimulation of macrophages.
Nutrients. 2013 Jul 8;5(7):2577-89. doi: 10.3390/nu5072577. PubMed PMID:
23857228; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3738989.
17: Inui T, Kuchiike D, Kubo K, Mette M, Uto Y, Hori H, Sakamoto N. Clinical
experience of integrative cancer immunotherapy with GcMAF. Anticancer Res. 2013
Jul;33(7):2917-9. PubMed PMID: 23780980.
18: Hirota K, Nakagawa Y, Takeuchi R, Uto Y, Hori H, Onizuka S, Terada H.
Antitumor effect of degalactosylated gc-globulin on orthotopic grafted lung
cancer in mice. Anticancer Res. 2013 Jul;33(7):2911-5. PubMed PMID: 23780979.
19: Kuchiike D, Uto Y, Mukai H, Ishiyama N, Abe C, Tanaka D, Kawai T, Kubo K,
Mette M, Inui T, Endo Y, Hori H. Degalactosylated/desialylated human serum
containing GcMAF induces macrophage phagocytic activity and in vivo antitumor
activity. Anticancer Res. 2013 Jul;33(7):2881-5. PubMed PMID: 23780974.
20: Toyohara Y, Hashitani S, Kishimoto H, Noguchi K, Yamamoto N, Urade M.
Inhibitory effect of vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating
factor on DMBA-induced hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis and its derived
carcinoma cell line. Oncol Lett. 2011 Jul;2(4):685-691. Epub 2011 May 13. PubMed
PMID: 22848250; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3406437.
21: Bellone M, Rigamonti N. Vitamin D-binding protein-derived
macrophage-activating factor, GcMAF, and prostate cancer. Cancer Immunol
Immunother. 2012 Dec;61(12):2377-8. doi: 10.1007/s00262-012-1310-9. Epub 2012 Jun
28. PubMed PMID: 22740161.
22: Uto Y, Yamamoto S, Mukai H, Ishiyama N, Takeuchi R, Nakagawa Y, Hirota K,
Terada H, Onizuka S, Hori H. β-Galactosidase treatment is a common first-stage
modification of the three major subtypes of Gc protein to GcMAF. Anticancer Res.
2012 Jun;32(6):2359-64. PubMed PMID: 22641675.
23: Pacini S, Punzi T, Morucci G, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M. Effects of vitamin
D-binding protein-derived macrophage-activating factor on human breast cancer
cells. Anticancer Res. 2012 Jan;32(1):45-52. PubMed PMID: 22213287.
24: Pacini S, Morucci G, Punzi T, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M, Amato M, Aterini S.
Effect of paricalcitol and GcMAF on angiogenesis and human peripheral blood
mononuclear cell proliferation and signaling. J Nephrol. 2012
Jul-Aug;25(4):577-81. doi: 10.5301/jn.5000035. PubMed PMID: 21956771.
25: Uto Y, Yamamoto S, Takeuchi R, Nakagawa Y, Hirota K, Terada H, Onizuka S,
Nakata E, Hori H. Effect of the Gc-derived macrophage-activating factor precursor
(preGcMAF) on phagocytic activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Anticancer
Res. 2011 Jul;31(7):2489-92. PubMed PMID: 21873164.
26: Debruyne E, Speeckaert M, Weygaerde YV, Delanghe J. Phenotype of Gc-globulin
influences the macrophage activating factor (MAF) levels in serum. Clin Chem Lab
Med. 2011 Nov;49(11):1855-60. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2011.676. Epub 2011 Aug 23.
PubMed PMID: 21859424.
27: Pacini S, Morucci G, Punzi T, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M. Gc protein-derived
macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) stimulates cAMP formation in human
mononuclear cells and inhibits angiogenesis in chick embryo chorionallantoic
membrane assay. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2011 Apr;60(4):479-85. doi:
10.1007/s00262-010-0953-7. Epub 2010 Dec 14. PubMed PMID: 21170647.
28: Faserl K, Golderer G, Kremser L, Lindner H, Sarg B, Wildt L, Seeber B.
Polymorphism in vitamin D-binding protein as a genetic risk factor in the
pathogenesis of endometriosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jan;96(1):E233-41.
doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-1532. Epub 2010 Oct 27. PubMed PMID: 20980430.
29: Gregory KJ, Zhao B, Bielenberg DR, Dridi S, Wu J, Jiang W, Huang B,
Pirie-Shepherd S, Fannon M. Vitamin D binding protein-macrophage activating
factor directly inhibits proliferation, migration, and uPAR expression of
prostate cancer cells. PLoS One. 2010 Oct 18;5(10):e13428. doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0013428. PubMed PMID: 20976141; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC2956649.
30: Nonaka K, Onizuka S, Ishibashi H, Uto Y, Hori H, Nakayama T, Matsuura N,
Kanematsu T, Fujioka H. Vitamin D binding protein-macrophage activating factor
inhibits HCC in SCID mice. J Surg Res. 2012 Jan;172(1):116-22. doi:
10.1016/j.jss.2010.07.057. Epub 2010 Sep 17. PubMed PMID: 20855083.
31: Ravnsborg T, Olsen DT, Thysen AH, Christiansen M, Houen G, Højrup P. The
glycosylation and characterization of the candidate Gc macrophage activating
factor. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Apr;1804(4):909-17. doi:
10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.12.022. Epub 2010 Jan 13. PubMed PMID: 20079467.
32: Rehder DS, Nelson RW, Borges CR. Glycosylation status of vitamin D binding
protein in cancer patients. Protein Sci. 2009 Oct;18(10):2036-42. doi:
10.1002/pro.214. PubMed PMID: 19642159; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2786967.
33: Fang Y, van Meurs JB, Arp P, van Leeuwen JP, Hofman A, Pols HA, Uitterlinden
AG. Vitamin D binding protein genotype and osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int. 2009
Aug;85(2):85-93. doi: 10.1007/s00223-009-9251-9. Epub 2009 Jun 2. PubMed PMID:
19488670; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2729412.
34: Yamamoto N, Ushijima N, Koga Y. Immunotherapy of HIV-infected patients with
Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF). J Med Virol. 2009
Jan;81(1):16-26. doi: 10.1002/jmv.21376.
35: Yamamoto N, Suyama H, Yamamoto N. Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer with Gc
Protein-Derived Macrophage-Activating Factor, GcMAF. Transl Oncol. 2008
Jul;1(2):65-72. PubMed PMID: 18633461; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2510818.
36: Spiriti J, Bogani F, van der Vaart A, Ghirlanda G. Modulation of protein
stability by O-glycosylation in a designed Gc-MAF analog. Biophys Chem. 2008
May;134(3):157-67. doi: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.02.005. Epub 2008 Feb 21. PubMed PMID:
18329161.
37: Yamamoto N, Suyama H, Nakazato H, Yamamoto N, Koga Y. Immunotherapy of
metastatic colorectal cancer with vitamin D-binding protein-derived
macrophage-activating factor, GcMAF. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2008
Jul;57(7):1007-16. Retraction in: Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2014
Dec;63(12):1349. PubMed PMID: 18058096.
38: Yamamoto N, Suyama H, Yamamoto N, Ushijima N. Immunotherapy of metastatic
breast cancer patients with vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage
activating factor (GcMAF). Int J Cancer. 2008 Jan 15;122(2):461-7. Retraction in:
Int J Cancer. 2014 Sep 15;135(6):1509. PubMed PMID: 17935130.
39: Meier U, Gressner O, Lammert F, Gressner AM. Gc-globulin: roles in response
to injury. Clin Chem. 2006 Jul;52(7):1247-53. Epub 2006 May 18. Review. PubMed
PMID: 16709624.
40: Kalkunte S, Brard L, Granai CO, Swamy N. Inhibition of angiogenesis by
vitamin D-binding protein: characterization of anti-endothelial activity of
DBP-maf. Angiogenesis. 2005;8(4):349-60. Epub 2006 Jan 7. PubMed PMID: 16400520.
41: Yamamoto N, Urade M. Pathogenic significance of
alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity found in the hemagglutinin of influenza
virus. Microbes Infect. 2005 Apr;7(4):674-81. Epub 2005 Mar 22. PubMed PMID:
15848273.
42: Nagasawa H, Sasaki H, Uto Y, Kubo S, Hori H. Association of the macrophage
activating factor (MAF) precursor activity with polymorphism in vitamin D-binding
protein. Anticancer Res. 2004 Sep-Oct;24(5C):3361-6. PubMed PMID: 15515432.
43: Onizuka S, Kawakami S, Taniguchi K, Fujioka H, Miyashita K. Pancreatic
carcinogenesis: apoptosis and angiogenesis. Pancreas. 2004 Apr;28(3):317-9.
PubMed PMID: 15084979.
44: Matsuura T, Uematsu T, Yamaoka M, Furusawa K. Effect of salivary gland
adenocarcinoma cell-derived alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase on the bioactivity of
macrophage activating factor. Int J Oncol. 2004 Mar;24(3):521-8. PubMed PMID:
14767536.
45: Schneider GB, Grecco KJ, Safadi FF, Popoff SN. The anabolic effects of
vitamin D-binding protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-MAF) and a novel
small peptide on bone. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2003;13(2-4):277-84. PubMed
PMID: 14696974.
46: Mohamad SB, Nagasawa H, Sasaki H, Uto Y, Nakagawa Y, Kawashima K, Hori H. Gc
protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF): isoelectric focusing
pattern and tumoricidal activity. Anticancer Res. 2003 Nov-Dec;23(6a):4451-7.
PubMed PMID: 14666733.
47: Gumireddy K, Reddy CD, Swamy N. Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway
mediates DBP-maf-induced apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Cell Biochem. 2003
Sep 1;90(1):87-96. PubMed PMID: 12938159.
48: Kisker O, Onizuka S, Becker CM, Fannon M, Flynn E, D’Amato R, Zetter B,
Folkman J, Ray R, Swamy N, Pirie-Shepherd S. Vitamin D binding protein-macrophage
activating factor (DBP-maf) inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in mice.
Neoplasia. 2003 Jan-Feb;5(1):32-40. PubMed PMID: 12659668; PubMed Central PMCID:
PMC1502120.
49: Mohamad SB, Nagasawa H, Uto Y, Hori H. Preparation of Gc protein-derived
macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) and its structural characterization and
biological activities. Anticancer Res. 2002 Nov-Dec;22(6C):4297-300. PubMed PMID:
12553073.
50: Kanda S, Mochizuki Y, Miyata Y, Kanetake H, Yamamoto N. Effects of vitamin
D(3)-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) on
angiogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002 Sep 4;94(17):1311-9. PubMed PMID:
12208896.
51: Swamy N, Ghosh S, Schneider GB, Ray R. Baculovirus-expressed vitamin
D-binding protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-maf) activates osteoclasts
and binding of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) does not influence this activity. J Cell
Biochem. 2001;81(3):535-46. PubMed PMID: 11255236.
52: Kanan RM, Cook DB, Datta HK. Lectin immunoassay for macrophage-activating
factor (Gc-MAF) produced by deglycosylation of Gc-globulin: evidence for
noninducible generation of Gc-MAF. Clin Chem. 2000 Mar;46(3):412-4. PubMed PMID:
10702530.
53: Odgren PR, Popoff SN, Safadi FF, MacKay CA, Mason-Savas A, Seifert MF, Marks
SC Jr. The toothless osteopetrotic rat has a normal vitamin D-binding
protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-MAF) cascade and chondrodysplasia
resistant to treatments with colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and/or DBP-MAF.
Bone. 1999 Aug;25(2):175-81. PubMed PMID: 10456382.
54: Koga Y, Naraparaju VR, Yamamoto N. Antitumor effect of vitamin D-binding
protein-derived macrophage activating factor on Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing
mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1999 Jan;220(1):20-6. PubMed PMID: 9893164.
55: Adebanjo OA, Moonga BS, Haddad JG, Huang CL, Zaidi M. A possible new role for
vitamin D-binding protein in osteoclast control: inhibition of extracellular Ca2+
sensing at low physiological concentrations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Aug
28;249(3):668-71. PubMed PMID: 9731194.
56: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR. Structurally well-defined macrophage activating
factor derived from vitamin D3-binding protein has a potent adjuvant activity for
immunization. Immunol Cell Biol. 1998 Jun;76(3):237-44. PubMed PMID: 9682967.
57: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR. Immunotherapy of BALB/c mice bearing Ehrlich
ascites tumor with vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating
factor. Cancer Res. 1997 Jun 1;57(11):2187-92. PubMed PMID: 9187119.
58: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR, Moore M, Brent LH. Deglycosylation of serum
vitamin D3-binding protein by alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase detected in the
plasma of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol Immunopathol.
1997 Mar;82(3):290-8. PubMed PMID: 9073553.
59: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR, Urade M. Prognostic utility of serum
alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase and immunosuppression resulted from
deglycosylation of serum Gc protein in oral cancer patients. Cancer Res. 1997 Jan
15;57(2):295-9. PubMed PMID: 9000571.
60: Korbelik M, Naraparaju VR, Yamamoto N. Macrophage-directed immunotherapy as
adjuvant to photodynamic therapy of cancer. Br J Cancer. 1997;75(2):202-7. PubMed
PMID: 9010027; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2063270.
61: Benis KA, Schneider GB. The effects of vitamin D binding protein-macrophage
activating factor and colony-stimulating factor-1 on hematopoietic cells in
normal and osteopetrotic rats. Blood. 1996 Oct 15;88(8):2898-905. PubMed PMID:
8874186.
62: Yamamoto N. Structural definition of a potent macrophage activating factor
derived from vitamin D3-binding protein with adjuvant activity for antibody
production. Mol Immunol. 1996 Oct;33(15):1157-64. PubMed PMID: 9070663.
63: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR. Role of vitamin D3-binding protein in activation
of mouse macrophages. J Immunol. 1996 Aug 15;157(4):1744-9. PubMed PMID: 8759764.
64: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR, Orchard PJ. Defective lymphocyte glycosidases in
the macrophage activation cascade of juvenile osteopetrosis. Blood. 1996 Aug
15;88(4):1473-8. PubMed PMID: 8695868.
65: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR. A defect in inducible beta-galactosidase of B
lymphocytes in the osteopetrotic (mi/mi) mouse. Immunology. 1996
Aug;88(4):604-10. PubMed PMID: 8881764; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1456628.
66: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR, Asbell SO. Deglycosylation of serum vitamin
D3-binding protein leads to immunosuppression in cancer patients. Cancer Res.
1996 Jun 15;56(12):2827-31. PubMed PMID: 8665521.
67: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR. Vitamin D3-binding protein as a precursor for
macrophage activating factor in the inflammation-primed macrophage activation
cascade in rats. Cell Immunol. 1996 Jun 15;170(2):161-7. PubMed PMID: 8660814.
68: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR. A defect in beta-galactosidase of B lymphocytes in
the osteopetrotic (op/op) mouse. Immunol Lett. 1996 Apr;50(1-2):35-40. PubMed
PMID: 8793557.
69: Yamamoto N, Naraparaju VR, Srinivasula SM. Structural modification of serum
vitamin D3-binding protein and immunosuppression in AIDS patients. AIDS Res Hum
Retroviruses. 1995 Nov;11(11):1373-8. PubMed PMID: 8573395.
70: Schneider GB, Benis KA, Flay NW, Ireland RA, Popoff SN. Effects of vitamin D
binding protein-macrophage activating factor (DBP-MAF) infusion on bone
resorption in two osteopetrotic mutations. Bone. 1995 Jun;16(6):657-62. PubMed
PMID: 7669443.
71: Naraparaju VR, Yamamoto N. Roles of beta-galactosidase of B lymphocytes and
sialidase of T lymphocytes in inflammation-primed activation of macrophages.
Immunol Lett. 1994 Dec;43(3):143-8. PubMed PMID: 7721326.
72: Yamamoto N, Willett NP, Lindsay DD. Participation of serum proteins in the
inflammation-primed activation of macrophages. Inflammation. 1994
Jun;18(3):311-22. PubMed PMID: 8088927.
73: Yamamoto N, Lindsay DD, Naraparaju VR, Ireland RA, Popoff SN. A defect in the
inflammation-primed macrophage-activation cascade in osteopetrotic rats. J
Immunol. 1994 May 15;152(10):5100-7. PubMed PMID: 8176226.
74: Yamamoto N, Kumashiro R. Conversion of vitamin D3 binding protein
(group-specific component) to a macrophage activating factor by the stepwise
action of beta-galactosidase of B cells and sialidase of T cells. J Immunol. 1993
Sep 1;151(5):2794-802. PubMed PMID: 8360493.
75: Homma S, Yamamoto M, Yamamoto N. Vitamin D-binding protein (group-specific
component) is the sole serum protein required for macrophage activation after
treatment of peritoneal cells with lysophosphatidylcholine. Immunol Cell Biol.
1993 Aug;71 ( Pt 4):249-57. PubMed PMID: 8225394.
76: Yamamoto N, Homma S, Haddad JG, Kowalski MA. Vitamin D3 binding protein
required for in vitro activation of macrophages after alkylglycerol treatment of
mouse peritoneal cells. Immunology. 1991 Nov;74(3):420-4. PubMed PMID: 1769691;
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1384634.
77: Yamamoto N, Homma S. Vitamin D3 binding protein (group-specific component) is
a precursor for the macrophage-activating signal factor from
lysophosphatidylcholine-treated lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct
1;88(19):8539-43. PubMed PMID: 1924312; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC52544.
78: Yamamoto N, Homma S, Millman I. Identification of the serum factor required
for in vitro activation of macrophages. Role of vitamin D3-binding protein (group
specific component, Gc) in lysophospholipid activation of mouse peritoneal
macrophages. J Immunol. 1991 Jul 1;147(1):273-80. PubMed PMID: 2051023.
Our Scientific Publications32 of our research papers have now been peer reviewed and published by some of the worlds top scientific journals. In 2013 we submitted no less than 17 scientific research papers or posters Our first in 2014 was available on the 2nd January, and 15 were published in 2014. All have been peer reviewed, accepted and published in prestigious scientific journals or immunology conferences. One is on the front cover of the prestigious scientific journal Oncolmmunology, and our paper on GcMAF and cancer cell apoptosis is in the top 5% most read scientific papers of all time.
https://gcmaf.se/our-scientific-publications/#tab-9inAutumn14
In the autumn of 2014 the scientific team led by Prof Marco Ruggiero, Director of Science at Immuno Biotech, published and presented at prestigious conferences, 9 peer-reviewed scientific studies that demonstrate a plethora of effects of GcMAF in vivo and in vitro.
Many of these biological effects of GcMAF had not been described before and they represent an epochal breakthrough in the field of immunotherapy of cancer and other diseases.
1. Four peer-reviewed papers describing the results obtained in vitro as well as results of The Swiss Protocol by Marco Ruggiero in clinical cases, have been accepted for publication and presentation at the 9th International Conference of Anticancer Research held at Porto Carras, Sithonia, Halkidiki, Greece, 6-10 October 2014.
These papers are published in a special issue of Anticancer Research, which is distributed to registrants during the Conference, as well as to all subscribing libraries and indexing services (print and online through the Stanford University HighWire Press).
The 9th International Conference of Anticancer Research is under the auspices of the major scientific societies involved in cancer research such as:
The Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)
The Asian and Pacific Federation of Clinical Biochemistry (APFCB)
The Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention (APOCP)
The Austrian Society for Radiation Oncology (ÖGRO)
The European Group on Tumor Markers (EGTM)
The Hungarian Society of Epidemiology
The International Cancer Microenvironment Society (ICMS)
The International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group (IGRG)
The International Institute of Anticancer Research (IIAR)
The International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories (ISBER)
The International Society of Oncology and Biomarkers (ISOBM)
The Italian Society of Uro-Oncology (SIUrO)
The Latinamerican and Caribbean Society of Medical Oncology (SLACOM)
The Lithuanian Society of Radiation Oncology (LSRT)
The North-Eastern German Society of Gynecological Oncology (NOGGO)
The Polish Society of Radiation Oncology (PSTRO)
The Portuguese Society of Radiotherapy – Oncology (SPRO)
The Society of Biotherapeutic Approaches, Japan
The Szeged Foundation for Cancer Research, Hungary
The Turkish Society for Electron Microscopy (TSEM)
The International Institute of Anticancer Research.
The three clinical studies presented at the Conference and describing the effects of The Swiss Protocol in incurable breast, pancreas and brain cancers are:
Marco Ruggiero, Jacopo J.V. Branca, David Noakes, Massimo Gulisano, Gabriele Morucci, Lynda Thyer, and Stefania Pacini.
OLEIC ACID/DEGLYCOSYLATED VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN SUPPRESSES HER2 ONCOGENE EXPRESSION IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER.
Anticancer Res. 34(10): 5845-5847, 2014.
Lynda Thyer, Jacopo J.V. Branca, Margit Taubmann.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF IMMUNOTHERAPY BASED ON OLEIC ACID BOUND TO GLYCOSYLATED VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN IN LOCALISED AND METASTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS.
Anticancer Res. 34(10): 5847-5849, 2014.
Jacopo J.V. Branca, Stefania Pacini and Marco Ruggiero.
FOCUSSED TRANSCRANIAL ULTRASOUNDS: APPLICATION TO THE DELIVERY OF GLYCOSYLATED OLEIC ACID/VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN TO BRAIN TUMOURS AND METASTASES.
Anticancer Res. 34(10): 5844-5845, 2014.
In the first of these studies it is described for the first time in history the eradication of a major oncogene (HER-2) in a breast cancer patient whose breast cancer was eradicated following The Swiss Protocol.
In the second study, the successful approach to metastatic pancreatic cancer is described along with the molecular interaction between oleic acid-GcMAF (OA-GcAMF or Goleic) and a major tumor suppressor gene (p53).
In the third study, the successful approach to incurable brain cancer is described along with the the molecular interaction between Goleic and a major oncogene involved in brain cancer (BCl-6). In this study, The Swiss Protocol for brain cancer by Marco Ruggiero, a protocol that involves the use of transcranial ultrasonography, is revealed for the first time. It is worth noticing that this study was performed in collaboration with a major oncology hospital in central London, UK.
In all three studies, Prof. Ruggiero and colleagues demonstrate for the first time that the plethora of biological activities observed when treating patients with Goleic has to be ascribed to the presence of intrinsically disordered domains (IDD) in the molecular structure of GcMAF. An IDD is a domain that lacks a fixed or ordered three-dimensional structure.
Prof. Ruggiero discovered that GcMAF shows two IDDs, one in the first domain (IDD1), and one in the second domain (IDD2), in the proximity of the oleic acid-binding domain. As shown in the studies, the sequence of the IDD2 shows a peculiar arrangement of hydrophobic aminoacids in the region that binds oleic acid as well as an IDD composed by negatively- and positively- charged aminoacids.
Prof. Ruggiero and colleagues also demonstrate, at the molecular level, that the effects observed with Goleic cannot be reproduced with GcMAF alone. This in turn demonstrates that Goleic and not GcMAF is the most efficient molecule to treat cancer as well as a number of other chronic conditions.
Another study by our research group demonstrates the effects of Goleic in multiple myeloma cells in vitro.
Rodney Smith, Emma Ward, Jacopo J.V. Branca, Gabriele Morucci and Stefania
Pacini.
THE EFFECT OF GcMAF COMPLEXED WITH OLEIC ACID ON MULTIPLE MYELOMA
CULTURES.
Anticancer Res. 34(10): 6175-6177, 2014.
These data are consistent with clinical observation demonstrating a therapeutic effect of The Swiss Protocol in multiple myeloma patients.
It is worth noting that Anticancer Research, where these studies have been published, is an independent international peer-reviewed journal devoted to the rapid publication of high quality original articles and reviews on all aspects of experimental and clinical oncology. Anticancer Research was established in 1981 and the articles published in this journal are regularly indexed in all bibliographic services, including: Current Contents (Life Sciences), Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Index Medicus, Biological Abstracts, PubMed, Chemical Abstracts, Excerpta Medica, University of Sheffield Biomedical Information Service, Current Clinical Cancer, AIDS Abstracts, Elsevier Bibliographic Database, EMBASE, Compendex, GEOBASE, EMBiology, Elsevier BIOBASE, FLUIDEX, World Textiles, Scopus, Progress in Palliative Care, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Cancergram (International Cancer Research Data Bank), MEDLINE, Reference Update – RIS Inc., PASCAL-CNRS, Inpharma-Reactions (Datastar, BRS), CABS, Immunology Abstracts, Telegen Abstracts, Genetics Abstracts, Nutrition Research Newsletter, Dairy Science Abstracts, Current Titles in Dentistry, Inpharma Weekly, BioBase, MedBase, CAB Abstracts/Global Health Databases, Investigational Drugs Database, VINITI Abstracts Journal, Leeds Medical Information, PubsHub, Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Cientifica (SIIC) Databases.
2. A clinical study in collaboration with a major Italian Hospital (the Hospital of Prato, Division of Nephrology) was accepted for presentation and publication at the annual meeting of the Italian Society of Nephrology in 2014. In this study, the effects of The Swiss Protocol by Marco Ruggiero in kidney disease and in kidney cancer are described. This study represents the very first conducted in collaboration with a major hospital of the Public Health Service.
This study is entitled:
– Clinical experience of renal carcinoma immunotherapy with oleic acid complexed with deglycosylated vitamin D-binding protein by Aterini et al.
3. Two clinical case reports describing the effects of the Swiss Protocol have been accepted for presentation and publication at the 68th Congress of the The Italian Society of Anatomy. This scientific society is one of the oldest in the world and it was founded in 1929 by Nello Beccari, Luigi Castaldi and Emerico Luna under the auspices of Giulio Chiarugi. The official organ of the Society is the “Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology”, in which the proceedings of the annual meeting as an ordinary supplement are published.
The Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology was founded in 1901 by Giulio Chiarugi, Anatomist at Florence University, and hence ever devoted to the progress and diffusion of science in the fields of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology.
The Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, which is listed in major databases including PubMed, was made famous by publishing a seminal paper by Duesberg and Ruggiero debunking the AIDS fraud (Ital J Anat Embryol. 2011;116(2):73-92. AIDS since 1984: no evidence for a new, viral epidemic–not even in Africa. Duesberg PH, Mandrioli D, McCormack A, Nicholson JM, Rasnick D, Fiala C, Koehnlein C, Bauer HH, Ruggiero M.).
The two clinical case papers describing the effects of The Swiss Protocol by Marco Ruggiero and published in the Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology are:
– Gc-protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) induces ERBB2 shift in human breast cancer by Ruggiero et al. (It. J. Anat. Embryol. 119: 1S, 169, 2014).
Intra-tumoural nitric oxide release by macrophages activated by Gc-protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) by Ruggiero et al. (It. J. Anat. Embryol. 119: 1S, 170, 2014).
In addition to these 2 clinical case studies, 2 in vitro studies have been published in the Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology describing the effects of Goleic in human neurons and microglial cells. These studies demonstrate that Goleic eliminates the toxic side effects of chemotherapy.
– Human and murine microglial cells: to experimental models to deeply understand the mechanism of microglia involvement in human brain diseases by Branca et al. (It. J. Anat. Embryol. 119: 1S, 21, 2014).
Gc-protein derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) counteracts the neuronal damage induced by oxaliplatin by Morucci et al. (It. J. Anat. Embryol. 119: 1S, 135, 2014).
With these new 9 studies, we have published so far 15 studies in 2014.
In fact, in addition to the 9 studies mentioned above, we have published a seminal paper describing the lesions in the autistic brain:
– 2014. A New Methodology of Viewing Extra-Axial Fluid and Cortical Abnormalities in Children with Autism via Transcranial Ultrasonography. Bradstreet JJ1, Pacini S2, Ruggiero M3.
A paper in the American Journal of Immunology describing clinical cases treated with The Swiss Protocol:
– Ward, E., R. Smith, J.J.V. Branca, D. Noakes and G. Morucci et al., 2014. Clinical experience of cancer immunotherapy integrated with oleic acid complexed with de-glycosylated vitamin d binding protein. Am. J. Immunol., 10: 23-32.
A seminal paper in Anticancer Research:
– Oleic Acid, deglycosylated vitamin D-binding protein, nitric oxide: a molecular triad made lethal to cancer. Ruggiero M, Ward E, Smith R, Branca JJ, Noakes D, Morucci G, Taubmann M, Thyer L, Pacini S. Anticancer Res. 2014 Jul;34(7):3569-78.
A chapter on GcMAF in a best-seller book:
Healing the Symptoms Known as Autism – 2nd Edition Paperback – January 8, 2014 by Kerri Rivera (Author), Kimberly McDaniel (Contributor), Daniel Bender (Contributor), Jim Humble (Contributor), Dr. Andreas Kalcker (Contributor), Dr. Marco Ruggiero (Contributor), Robert L. Sands (Contributor). ISBN-10: 0989289044. ISBN-13: 978-0989289047.
Two studies on the immunotherapy of cancer:
– Clinical experience of integrative immunotherapy centred on oleic acid complexed with deglycosylated vitamin D-binding protein by Ward et al. (Abstr. P5.16, pag. 88).
– Increased splenic blood flow following macrophage activation by oleic acid complexed with vitamin D-binding protein by Ward et al. (Abstr P4.20, pag. 81).
Two additional peer-reviewed papers are in press in “Anticancer Drugs” and in the “Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology”.
Prof. Ruggiero also wrote a chapter in a book that should be published by the end of the year and it is announced as a best-seller.
- 9 in Autumn 14
- A
- Clinic Posters
- Clinical results
- Autism recoveries
- 16 in 2013
- Krakow
- 1st Belfast
- 2nd Belfast
- USA & Dubai
- San Diego
- Nutrients
- Clinical 1- Oncolmmunology
- Clinical 2- Immunology
- Frontiers in Immunology
- Clinical, Italy
- Multifaceted GcMAF
https://gcmaf.se/our-scientific-publications/#tab-9inAutumn14
In the autumn of 2014 the scientific team led by Prof Marco Ruggiero, Director of Science at Immuno Biotech, published and presented at prestigious conferences, 9 peer-reviewed scientific studies that demonstrate a plethora of effects of GcMAF in vivo and in vitro.
Many of these biological effects of GcMAF had not been described before and they represent an epochal breakthrough in the field of immunotherapy of cancer and other diseases.
1. Four peer-reviewed papers describing the results obtained in vitro as well as results of The Swiss Protocol by Marco Ruggiero in clinical cases, have been accepted for publication and presentation at the 9th International Conference of Anticancer Research held at Porto Carras, Sithonia, Halkidiki, Greece, 6-10 October 2014.
These papers are published in a special issue of Anticancer Research, which is distributed to registrants during the Conference, as well as to all subscribing libraries and indexing services (print and online through the Stanford University HighWire Press).
The 9th International Conference of Anticancer Research is under the auspices of the major scientific societies involved in cancer research such as:
The Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)
The Asian and Pacific Federation of Clinical Biochemistry (APFCB)
The Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention (APOCP)
The Austrian Society for Radiation Oncology (ÖGRO)
The European Group on Tumor Markers (EGTM)
The Hungarian Society of Epidemiology
The International Cancer Microenvironment Society (ICMS)
The International Geriatric Radiotherapy Group (IGRG)
The International Institute of Anticancer Research (IIAR)
The International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories (ISBER)
The International Society of Oncology and Biomarkers (ISOBM)
The Italian Society of Uro-Oncology (SIUrO)
The Latinamerican and Caribbean Society of Medical Oncology (SLACOM)
The Lithuanian Society of Radiation Oncology (LSRT)
The North-Eastern German Society of Gynecological Oncology (NOGGO)
The Polish Society of Radiation Oncology (PSTRO)
The Portuguese Society of Radiotherapy – Oncology (SPRO)
The Society of Biotherapeutic Approaches, Japan
The Szeged Foundation for Cancer Research, Hungary
The Turkish Society for Electron Microscopy (TSEM)
The International Institute of Anticancer Research.
The three clinical studies presented at the Conference and describing the effects of The Swiss Protocol in incurable breast, pancreas and brain cancers are:
Marco Ruggiero, Jacopo J.V. Branca, David Noakes, Massimo Gulisano, Gabriele Morucci, Lynda Thyer, and Stefania Pacini.
OLEIC ACID/DEGLYCOSYLATED VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN SUPPRESSES HER2 ONCOGENE EXPRESSION IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER.
Anticancer Res. 34(10): 5845-5847, 2014.
Lynda Thyer, Jacopo J.V. Branca, Margit Taubmann.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE OF IMMUNOTHERAPY BASED ON OLEIC ACID BOUND TO GLYCOSYLATED VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN IN LOCALISED AND METASTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS.
Anticancer Res. 34(10): 5847-5849, 2014.
Jacopo J.V. Branca, Stefania Pacini and Marco Ruggiero.
FOCUSSED TRANSCRANIAL ULTRASOUNDS: APPLICATION TO THE DELIVERY OF GLYCOSYLATED OLEIC ACID/VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN TO BRAIN TUMOURS AND METASTASES.
Anticancer Res. 34(10): 5844-5845, 2014.
In the first of these studies it is described for the first time in history the eradication of a major oncogene (HER-2) in a breast cancer patient whose breast cancer was eradicated following The Swiss Protocol.
In the second study, the successful approach to metastatic pancreatic cancer is described along with the molecular interaction between oleic acid-GcMAF (OA-GcAMF or Goleic) and a major tumor suppressor gene (p53).
In the third study, the successful approach to incurable brain cancer is described along with the the molecular interaction between Goleic and a major oncogene involved in brain cancer (BCl-6). In this study, The Swiss Protocol for brain cancer by Marco Ruggiero, a protocol that involves the use of transcranial ultrasonography, is revealed for the first time. It is worth noticing that this study was performed in collaboration with a major oncology hospital in central London, UK.
In all three studies, Prof. Ruggiero and colleagues demonstrate for the first time that the plethora of biological activities observed when treating patients with Goleic has to be ascribed to the presence of intrinsically disordered domains (IDD) in the molecular structure of GcMAF. An IDD is a domain that lacks a fixed or ordered three-dimensional structure.
Prof. Ruggiero discovered that GcMAF shows two IDDs, one in the first domain (IDD1), and one in the second domain (IDD2), in the proximity of the oleic acid-binding domain. As shown in the studies, the sequence of the IDD2 shows a peculiar arrangement of hydrophobic aminoacids in the region that binds oleic acid as well as an IDD composed by negatively- and positively- charged aminoacids.
Prof. Ruggiero and colleagues also demonstrate, at the molecular level, that the effects observed with Goleic cannot be reproduced with GcMAF alone. This in turn demonstrates that Goleic and not GcMAF is the most efficient molecule to treat cancer as well as a number of other chronic conditions.
Another study by our research group demonstrates the effects of Goleic in multiple myeloma cells in vitro.
Rodney Smith, Emma Ward, Jacopo J.V. Branca, Gabriele Morucci and Stefania
Pacini.
THE EFFECT OF GcMAF COMPLEXED WITH OLEIC ACID ON MULTIPLE MYELOMA
CULTURES.
Anticancer Res. 34(10): 6175-6177, 2014.
These data are consistent with clinical observation demonstrating a therapeutic effect of The Swiss Protocol in multiple myeloma patients.
It is worth noting that Anticancer Research, where these studies have been published, is an independent international peer-reviewed journal devoted to the rapid publication of high quality original articles and reviews on all aspects of experimental and clinical oncology. Anticancer Research was established in 1981 and the articles published in this journal are regularly indexed in all bibliographic services, including: Current Contents (Life Sciences), Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Index Medicus, Biological Abstracts, PubMed, Chemical Abstracts, Excerpta Medica, University of Sheffield Biomedical Information Service, Current Clinical Cancer, AIDS Abstracts, Elsevier Bibliographic Database, EMBASE, Compendex, GEOBASE, EMBiology, Elsevier BIOBASE, FLUIDEX, World Textiles, Scopus, Progress in Palliative Care, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Cancergram (International Cancer Research Data Bank), MEDLINE, Reference Update – RIS Inc., PASCAL-CNRS, Inpharma-Reactions (Datastar, BRS), CABS, Immunology Abstracts, Telegen Abstracts, Genetics Abstracts, Nutrition Research Newsletter, Dairy Science Abstracts, Current Titles in Dentistry, Inpharma Weekly, BioBase, MedBase, CAB Abstracts/Global Health Databases, Investigational Drugs Database, VINITI Abstracts Journal, Leeds Medical Information, PubsHub, Sociedad Iberoamericana de Información Cientifica (SIIC) Databases.
2. A clinical study in collaboration with a major Italian Hospital (the Hospital of Prato, Division of Nephrology) was accepted for presentation and publication at the annual meeting of the Italian Society of Nephrology in 2014. In this study, the effects of The Swiss Protocol by Marco Ruggiero in kidney disease and in kidney cancer are described. This study represents the very first conducted in collaboration with a major hospital of the Public Health Service.
This study is entitled:
– Clinical experience of renal carcinoma immunotherapy with oleic acid complexed with deglycosylated vitamin D-binding protein by Aterini et al.
3. Two clinical case reports describing the effects of the Swiss Protocol have been accepted for presentation and publication at the 68th Congress of the The Italian Society of Anatomy. This scientific society is one of the oldest in the world and it was founded in 1929 by Nello Beccari, Luigi Castaldi and Emerico Luna under the auspices of Giulio Chiarugi. The official organ of the Society is the “Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology”, in which the proceedings of the annual meeting as an ordinary supplement are published.
The Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology was founded in 1901 by Giulio Chiarugi, Anatomist at Florence University, and hence ever devoted to the progress and diffusion of science in the fields of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology.
The Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, which is listed in major databases including PubMed, was made famous by publishing a seminal paper by Duesberg and Ruggiero debunking the AIDS fraud (Ital J Anat Embryol. 2011;116(2):73-92. AIDS since 1984: no evidence for a new, viral epidemic–not even in Africa. Duesberg PH, Mandrioli D, McCormack A, Nicholson JM, Rasnick D, Fiala C, Koehnlein C, Bauer HH, Ruggiero M.).
The two clinical case papers describing the effects of The Swiss Protocol by Marco Ruggiero and published in the Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology are:
– Gc-protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) induces ERBB2 shift in human breast cancer by Ruggiero et al. (It. J. Anat. Embryol. 119: 1S, 169, 2014).
Intra-tumoural nitric oxide release by macrophages activated by Gc-protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) by Ruggiero et al. (It. J. Anat. Embryol. 119: 1S, 170, 2014).
In addition to these 2 clinical case studies, 2 in vitro studies have been published in the Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology describing the effects of Goleic in human neurons and microglial cells. These studies demonstrate that Goleic eliminates the toxic side effects of chemotherapy.
– Human and murine microglial cells: to experimental models to deeply understand the mechanism of microglia involvement in human brain diseases by Branca et al. (It. J. Anat. Embryol. 119: 1S, 21, 2014).
Gc-protein derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) counteracts the neuronal damage induced by oxaliplatin by Morucci et al. (It. J. Anat. Embryol. 119: 1S, 135, 2014).
With these new 9 studies, we have published so far 15 studies in 2014.
In fact, in addition to the 9 studies mentioned above, we have published a seminal paper describing the lesions in the autistic brain:
– 2014. A New Methodology of Viewing Extra-Axial Fluid and Cortical Abnormalities in Children with Autism via Transcranial Ultrasonography. Bradstreet JJ1, Pacini S2, Ruggiero M3.
A paper in the American Journal of Immunology describing clinical cases treated with The Swiss Protocol:
– Ward, E., R. Smith, J.J.V. Branca, D. Noakes and G. Morucci et al., 2014. Clinical experience of cancer immunotherapy integrated with oleic acid complexed with de-glycosylated vitamin d binding protein. Am. J. Immunol., 10: 23-32.
A seminal paper in Anticancer Research:
– Oleic Acid, deglycosylated vitamin D-binding protein, nitric oxide: a molecular triad made lethal to cancer. Ruggiero M, Ward E, Smith R, Branca JJ, Noakes D, Morucci G, Taubmann M, Thyer L, Pacini S. Anticancer Res. 2014 Jul;34(7):3569-78.
A chapter on GcMAF in a best-seller book:
Healing the Symptoms Known as Autism – 2nd Edition Paperback – January 8, 2014 by Kerri Rivera (Author), Kimberly McDaniel (Contributor), Daniel Bender (Contributor), Jim Humble (Contributor), Dr. Andreas Kalcker (Contributor), Dr. Marco Ruggiero (Contributor), Robert L. Sands (Contributor). ISBN-10: 0989289044. ISBN-13: 978-0989289047.
Two studies on the immunotherapy of cancer:
– Clinical experience of integrative immunotherapy centred on oleic acid complexed with deglycosylated vitamin D-binding protein by Ward et al. (Abstr. P5.16, pag. 88).
– Increased splenic blood flow following macrophage activation by oleic acid complexed with vitamin D-binding protein by Ward et al. (Abstr P4.20, pag. 81).
Two additional peer-reviewed papers are in press in “Anticancer Drugs” and in the “Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology”.
Prof. Ruggiero also wrote a chapter in a book that should be published by the end of the year and it is announced as a best-seller.
https://gcmaf.se/our-scientific-publications/#tab-AntiCancerResearch
In the top cancer Journal AntiCancer Research: Results with Goleic in one of the clinics:
Oleic Acid, Deglycosylated Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Nitric Oxide: A Molecular Triad Made Lethal to Cancer
Abstract. Background: Oleic Acid (OA) has been shown to have anticancer properties mediated by interaction with proteins such as α-lactalbumin and lactoferrins. Therefore, we synthesized complexes of OA and Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) that inhibits per se cancer cell proliferation and metastatic potential. We hypothesised that OA-GcMAF complexes could exploit the anticancer properties of both OA and GcMAF in a synergistic manner. We postulated that the stimulating effects of GcMAF on macrophages might lead to release of nitric oxide (NO). Patients and Methods: Patients with advanced cancer were treated at the Immuno Biotech Treatment Centre with OA- GcMAF-based integrative immunotherapy in combination with a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet, fermented milk products containing naturally-produced GcMAF, Vitamin D3, omega-3 fatty acids and low-dose acetylsalicylic acid. Results: Measuring the tumour by ultrasonographic techniques, we observed a decrease of tumour volume of about 25%. Conclusion: These observations demonstrate that OA, GcMAF and NO can be properly combined and specifically delivered to advanced cancer patients with significant effects on immune system stimulation and tumour volume reduction avoiding harmful side-effects.
See the whole paper:
AnticancerResearchGoleic3569
CONTACTFirst Immune
+44 1481 722787
[email protected]
In the top cancer Journal AntiCancer Research: Results with Goleic in one of the clinics:
Oleic Acid, Deglycosylated Vitamin D-Binding Protein, Nitric Oxide: A Molecular Triad Made Lethal to Cancer
Abstract. Background: Oleic Acid (OA) has been shown to have anticancer properties mediated by interaction with proteins such as α-lactalbumin and lactoferrins. Therefore, we synthesized complexes of OA and Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) that inhibits per se cancer cell proliferation and metastatic potential. We hypothesised that OA-GcMAF complexes could exploit the anticancer properties of both OA and GcMAF in a synergistic manner. We postulated that the stimulating effects of GcMAF on macrophages might lead to release of nitric oxide (NO). Patients and Methods: Patients with advanced cancer were treated at the Immuno Biotech Treatment Centre with OA- GcMAF-based integrative immunotherapy in combination with a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet, fermented milk products containing naturally-produced GcMAF, Vitamin D3, omega-3 fatty acids and low-dose acetylsalicylic acid. Results: Measuring the tumour by ultrasonographic techniques, we observed a decrease of tumour volume of about 25%. Conclusion: These observations demonstrate that OA, GcMAF and NO can be properly combined and specifically delivered to advanced cancer patients with significant effects on immune system stimulation and tumour volume reduction avoiding harmful side-effects.
See the whole paper:
AnticancerResearchGoleic3569
CONTACTFirst Immune
+44 1481 722787
[email protected]
https://gcmaf.se/our-scientific-publications/#tab-ClinicPosters
Two Posters on more results from our three European clinics
In May 2014 two additional studies describing our successful approach to cancer treatment (25% tumour shrinkage per week) have been accepted for presentation after exhaustive peer-review by a prestigious Scientific Committee. The Scientific Committee of the IX National Conference of the Italian Society of Immunology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, accepted two studies of ours reporting our most recent successes in cancer treatment with Oleic-Acid-GcMAF (Goleic).
The dramatic results were presented to an international audience of Medical Doctors and Researchers gathered in Florence, Italy on May 28-31. The Conference was under the Patronage of the European Federation of Immunological Societies, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the National Federation of the Italian Medical Associations, the Municipality of Florence, and the main University Hospital of Firenze (AOL Careggi). The patronage of such distinguished medical and scientific societies and institutions testimonies the international prestige of the Conference and, consequently, of the presented studies.
The first study, authored by Ward, Smith, Branca, Noakes, Morucci and Thyer, describes the successful integrative approach based on Goleic in cancer patients defined as incurable. The actual images of tumours shrinking on average 25% in one week were clearly presented and they received the appreciation of the highly qualified audience. We were particularly proud to show the images of a pancreas adenocarcinoma, one of the most rapidly lethal cancers, that not only shrunk in size, but is eventually became encapsulated, de facto turning into a benign tumour.
Click here: Clinical results with Goleic
The other study, authored by Ward, Smith, Branca, Noakes, Morucci, Pacini, Ruggiero and Thyer, describes the molecular mechanism of action at the basis of such stunning results. Here it is demonstrated that Goleic induces the synthesis of a powerful anticancer molecule that is called nitric oxide that in turns kills cancer cells, thus contributing to cancer eradication. With these results, we demonstrate another attack of Goleic on cancer that was not known before. This study is at the basis of a full paper that we aim at publishing in one of the most prestigious, peer-reviewed, scientific journals listed in the database of the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health of the USA.
Click here: Molecular mechanism and spleen
Two Posters on more results from our three European clinics
In May 2014 two additional studies describing our successful approach to cancer treatment (25% tumour shrinkage per week) have been accepted for presentation after exhaustive peer-review by a prestigious Scientific Committee. The Scientific Committee of the IX National Conference of the Italian Society of Immunology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, accepted two studies of ours reporting our most recent successes in cancer treatment with Oleic-Acid-GcMAF (Goleic).
The dramatic results were presented to an international audience of Medical Doctors and Researchers gathered in Florence, Italy on May 28-31. The Conference was under the Patronage of the European Federation of Immunological Societies, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, the National Federation of the Italian Medical Associations, the Municipality of Florence, and the main University Hospital of Firenze (AOL Careggi). The patronage of such distinguished medical and scientific societies and institutions testimonies the international prestige of the Conference and, consequently, of the presented studies.
The first study, authored by Ward, Smith, Branca, Noakes, Morucci and Thyer, describes the successful integrative approach based on Goleic in cancer patients defined as incurable. The actual images of tumours shrinking on average 25% in one week were clearly presented and they received the appreciation of the highly qualified audience. We were particularly proud to show the images of a pancreas adenocarcinoma, one of the most rapidly lethal cancers, that not only shrunk in size, but is eventually became encapsulated, de facto turning into a benign tumour.
Click here: Clinical results with Goleic
The other study, authored by Ward, Smith, Branca, Noakes, Morucci, Pacini, Ruggiero and Thyer, describes the molecular mechanism of action at the basis of such stunning results. Here it is demonstrated that Goleic induces the synthesis of a powerful anticancer molecule that is called nitric oxide that in turns kills cancer cells, thus contributing to cancer eradication. With these results, we demonstrate another attack of Goleic on cancer that was not known before. This study is at the basis of a full paper that we aim at publishing in one of the most prestigious, peer-reviewed, scientific journals listed in the database of the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health of the USA.
Click here: Molecular mechanism and spleen
https://gcmaf.se/our-scientific-publications/#tab-Clinicalresults
American Journal of Immunology 10 (1): 23-32, 2014
The first paper on the results in our Treatment Centre has been published.
The highlights of the results section include an average tumour reduction of 25% a week, and before and after ultrasonography scans of tumour shrinkage with measurements. Patient 3 is the most representative with a 27% reduction, and four other patients (not shown) with similar results. All 26 patients showed significant clinical improvements.
doi:10.3844/ajisp.2014.23.32 (http://www.thescipub.com/aji.toc)
The clinical results paper locally
American Journal of Immunology 10 (1): 23-32, 2014
The first paper on the results in our Treatment Centre has been published.
The highlights of the results section include an average tumour reduction of 25% a week, and before and after ultrasonography scans of tumour shrinkage with measurements. Patient 3 is the most representative with a 27% reduction, and four other patients (not shown) with similar results. All 26 patients showed significant clinical improvements.
doi:10.3844/ajisp.2014.23.32 (http://www.thescipub.com/aji.toc)
The clinical results paper locally
https://gcmaf.se/our-scientific-publications/#tab-Autismrecoveries
Our second major autism recovery breakthrough
Our Scientific Director, Professor Marco Ruggiero, and our good friend Dr Jeffrey Bradstreet, have discovered the main place in the brain where autism resides, and written a research paper, peer reviewed and published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, part of the prestigious Nature Publishing Group. The solidity and credibility of these results are beyond question:
“A new methodology of viewing extra-axial fluid and cortical abnormalities in children with autism via transcranial ultrasonography”
http://www.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00934/abstract
This paper is probably the most major milestone in autism research.
For the very first time in autism history, clearly evident anatomical alterations in the autistic brain can be easily detected, measured and classified. The diagnosis and the follow-up of autism will no longer be based on subjective clinical observation, but on solid, indisputable data.
This technique will also allow diagnosis, as early as 3 months of age, the future development of ASD with consequent, significant possibilities to intervene and possibly avoid and/or revert the onset of autism.
There is no doubt Transcranial Ultrasonography is a useful screening technique for children at potential risk of ASDs.
Since ALL children are now at risk from autism (one in 50 contract it), in our opinion this exam should be performed on ALL newborn babies between the age of 3 and 6 months in order to prevent the onset of ASD.
If this exam is performed correctly and on the proper scale, we may surely state that we shall be able to revert the course of this epidemic and prevent the burden of sufferance that you know all too well.
Currently there are only two centres in the world where such a technique is practised: Dr Bradstreet’s Brain Treatment Centre in the USA and our own Treatment Centre in Switzerland.
Last, but not least, this technique will also allow us to monitor the efficacy of therapies in a very objective and indisputable manner.
Dr Bradstreet discovered our first autism breakthrough, namely that our GcMAF is easily the lead therapy in autism: 85% of children improve and 15% made full recoveries, although with Goleic that figure is now 25%.
Here is perhaps the most important part of the new paper:
Results: Comparisons of the extra-axial spaces indicated increases in the ASD subjects. For EAF we scored based on the gyral summit distances between the arachnoid membrane and the cortical pia layer (subarachnoid space): 1) < 0.05 cm, 2) 0.05 – 0.07 cm, 3) 0.07 – 0.10 cm, 4) > 0.10 cm.
All of the neurotypical siblings scored 1, whereas the ASD mean score was 3.41 (plus or minus 0.67.)
We also defined cortical dysplasia as the following: hypoechoic lesions within the substance of the cortex, or disturbed layering within the grey matter. For cortical dysplasia we scored: 1) none observed, 2) rare hypoechogenic lesions and/or mildly atypical cortical layering patterns, 3) more common, but separated areas of cortical hypoechogenic lesions, 4) very common or confluent areas of cortical hypoechogenicity. Again all of the neurotypical siblings scored 1, while the ASD subjects’ mean score was 2.79 + 0.93.
Our second major autism recovery breakthrough
Our Scientific Director, Professor Marco Ruggiero, and our good friend Dr Jeffrey Bradstreet, have discovered the main place in the brain where autism resides, and written a research paper, peer reviewed and published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, part of the prestigious Nature Publishing Group. The solidity and credibility of these results are beyond question:
“A new methodology of viewing extra-axial fluid and cortical abnormalities in children with autism via transcranial ultrasonography”
http://www.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00934/abstract
This paper is probably the most major milestone in autism research.
For the very first time in autism history, clearly evident anatomical alterations in the autistic brain can be easily detected, measured and classified. The diagnosis and the follow-up of autism will no longer be based on subjective clinical observation, but on solid, indisputable data.
This technique will also allow diagnosis, as early as 3 months of age, the future development of ASD with consequent, significant possibilities to intervene and possibly avoid and/or revert the onset of autism.
There is no doubt Transcranial Ultrasonography is a useful screening technique for children at potential risk of ASDs.
Since ALL children are now at risk from autism (one in 50 contract it), in our opinion this exam should be performed on ALL newborn babies between the age of 3 and 6 months in order to prevent the onset of ASD.
If this exam is performed correctly and on the proper scale, we may surely state that we shall be able to revert the course of this epidemic and prevent the burden of sufferance that you know all too well.
Currently there are only two centres in the world where such a technique is practised: Dr Bradstreet’s Brain Treatment Centre in the USA and our own Treatment Centre in Switzerland.
Last, but not least, this technique will also allow us to monitor the efficacy of therapies in a very objective and indisputable manner.
Dr Bradstreet discovered our first autism breakthrough, namely that our GcMAF is easily the lead therapy in autism: 85% of children improve and 15% made full recoveries, although with Goleic that figure is now 25%.
Here is perhaps the most important part of the new paper:
Results: Comparisons of the extra-axial spaces indicated increases in the ASD subjects. For EAF we scored based on the gyral summit distances between the arachnoid membrane and the cortical pia layer (subarachnoid space): 1) < 0.05 cm, 2) 0.05 – 0.07 cm, 3) 0.07 – 0.10 cm, 4) > 0.10 cm.
All of the neurotypical siblings scored 1, whereas the ASD mean score was 3.41 (plus or minus 0.67.)
We also defined cortical dysplasia as the following: hypoechoic lesions within the substance of the cortex, or disturbed layering within the grey matter. For cortical dysplasia we scored: 1) none observed, 2) rare hypoechogenic lesions and/or mildly atypical cortical layering patterns, 3) more common, but separated areas of cortical hypoechogenic lesions, 4) very common or confluent areas of cortical hypoechogenicity. Again all of the neurotypical siblings scored 1, while the ASD subjects’ mean score was 2.79 + 0.93.
https://gcmaf.se/our-scientific-publications/#tab-16in2013
List of 25 peer-reviewed scientific publications that use our GcMAF16 have been produced by Immuno Biotech Ltd.
2011
1. Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) stimulates cAMP formation in human mononuclear cells and inhibits angiogenesis in chick embryo chorionallantoic membrane assay.
Pacini S, Morucci G, Punzi T, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M.
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2011 Apr;60(4):479-85. doi: 10.1007/s00262-010-0953-7. Epub 2010 Dec 14.
Here it is demonstrated that GcMAF from Immuno Biotech Ltd is as effective as Dr. Yamamoto’s GcMAF in inhibiting angiogenesis, a key event in tumour progression.
2. Effects of Cadmium and vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (DBP-MAF) in human breast cancer cells.
Massimo Gulisano, Tiziana Punzi, Gabriele Morucci, Marco Ruggiero.
It. J. Anat. Embryol. Vol. 116, No 1 (Supplement) 2011.
Here it is demonstrated that GcMAF counteracts the noxious effects of Cadmium, an ubiquitous heavy metal pollutant involved in autism, chronic fatigue syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases.
2012
1. Effects of vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage-activating factor on human breast cancer cells.
Pacini S, Punzi T, Morucci G, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M.
Anticancer Res. 2012 Jan;32(1):45-52.
On the effects of GcMAF in human breast cancer cells in vitro. GcMAF reverts the neoplastic phenotype; cancer cells become normal and are deprived of their metastatic potential.
2. Effect of paricalcitol and GcMAF on angiogenesis and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and signaling.
Pacini S, Morucci G, Punzi T, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M, Amato M, Aterini S.
J Nephrol. 2012 Jul-Aug;25(4):577-81. doi: 10.5301/jn.5000035.
GcMAF stimulates human monoctyes and the individual responsiveness is dependent upon the vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotype. GcMAF in chronic kidney disease.
3. Cadmium toxicity, with particular regard to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome; application of transcranial sonography to the study of cadmium-induced neuronal damage.
Massimo Gulisano, Gabriele Morucci, Stefania Pacini, Jacopo Branca and Marco Ruggiero.
Abstr. International Cadmium Symposium 2012, Sassari, Italy, P. 36.
GcMAF counteracts the effects of toxic Cadmium. Relevant for ME/CFS, and the first transcranial sonography paper.
2013
1. Effects of vitamin D3 and paricalcitol on immature cardiomyocytes: a novel role for vitamin d analogs in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Pacini S, Morucci G, Branca JJ, Aterini S, Amato M, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M.
Nutrients. 2013 Jun 7;5(6):2076-92. doi: 10.3390/nu5062076.
GcMAF increases energy production at the mitochondrial level. These results explain the reported increase of energy observed by patients treated with GcMAF for different diseases.
2. A novel role for a major component of the vitamin D axis: vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor induces human breast cancer cell apoptosis through stimulation of macrophages.
Thyer L, Ward E, Smith R, Fiore MG, Magherini S, Branca JJ, Morucci G, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M, Pacini S.
Nutrients. 2013 Jul 8;5(7):2577-89. doi: 10.3390/nu5072577.
GcMAF activates macrophages that attack and destroy human breast cancer cells. The molecular assembly and mode of action of GcMAF are elucidated. For the first time an interconnection with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) signalling is presented.
This paper is in the top 5% of all articles ever tracked by Altmetric. The Altmetric score is one measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that this article has received. Altmetric has tracked more than 1.500.000 articles across all journals so far. Compared to these this article has done particularly well and is in the 95th percentile.
http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=www.mdpi.com&citation_id=1633677#
3. Therapeutic effects of highly purified de-glycosylated GcMAF in the immunotherapy of patients with chronic diseases.
Lynda Thyer, Emma Ward, Rodney Smith, Jacopo J.V. Branca, Gabriele Morucci, Massimo Gulisano, David Noakes and Stefania Pacini. DOI : 10.3844/ajisp.2013.78.84.
American Journal of Immunology. Volume 9, Issue 3. Pages 78-84.
http://www.thescipub.com/abstract/10.3844/ajisp.2013.78.84 – the .PDF is on the right.
On the therapeutic effects of GcMAF in patients with cancer, autism, chronic fatigue syndrome, Lyme disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This is the first report on the therapeutic effects of GcMAF in patients with these dreadful neurological diseases.
4. Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor decreases α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase levels in advanced cancer patients.
Thyer L, Ward E, Smith R, Branca JJ, Morucci G, Gulisano M, Noakes D, Eslinger R, Pacini S. OncoImmunology 2013; 2:e25769; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/onci.25769.
On the therapeutic effects of GcMAF in 20 patients with advanced cancer defined as incurable. Clinical cases of breast, prostate, bladder, ovarian, colon, tongue, larynx, head and neck carcinomas, lymphomas and oligodedroglioma.
This paper has been awarded the front cover of the August issue of the Journal OncoImmunology.
5. Initial Observations of elevated Alpha-n-Acetylgalactosaminidase Activity Associated with Autism and Observed Reductions from GC Protein—Macrophage Activating Factor Injections. James Jeffrey Bradstreet, emar Vogelaar and Lynda Thyer.
Autism Insights 2012:4 31–38. doi: 10.4137/AUI.S10485.
On the therapeutic effects of GcMAF in autism. Autism is eradicated in a significant percentage of cases. About 85% of subjects show improvement following GcMAF treatment.
6. Study of aminoacidic sequences of vitamin D binding proteins involved in macrophage activation.
Fiore MG, Magherini S, Gulisano M, Pacini S and Ruggiero M (2013).
Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.01124.
On the physiological molecular assembly of GcMAF.
7. Multifaceted immunotherapeutic effects of vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) on human breast cancer and neuroblastoma cells.
Ruggiero M, Pacini S, Morucci G, Branca J, Ward E, Smith RJ, Thyer L and Gulisano M (2013).
Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00221.
On the multifaceted effects of GcMAF in human breast cancer cells and human neuroblastoma (a brain tumour) cells. Here it is demonstrated that when GcMAF is prepared according to its molecular configuration, it is 100 fold more effective than “regular” GcMAF in destroying human cancer cells.
8. Effects of vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor on human neuroblastoma cells and predicted molecular interaction with the vitamin D receptor.
M. Ruggiero, M.G. Fiore, S. Magherini, G. Morucci, J.J.V. Branca, M. Gulisano, L. Thyer, S. Pacini. Abstr.
The European Cancer Congress 2013. P91-596. Amsterdam, 2013.
On the molecular events responsible for the anticancer effects of GcMAF.
9. Vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor
stimulates proliferation and signalling in a human neuronal cell line.
Morucci G, Fiore MG, Magherini S, Branca JJV, Gulisano M, Thyer L, Ruggiero M and Pacini S.
Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology (2013) 118 (Suppl. 2): S143 (P28).
The effects of GcMAF on human neurons explain its therapeutic effects in autism, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
10. Treatment and Prevention of Cadmium-induced alterations on human neurons.
Morucci G, Branca JJV, Ruggiero M, Gulisano M and Pacini S. (P29).
Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology (2013) 118 (Suppl. 2): S144.
GcMAF has a neuro-protective effect against heavy metal-induced neuronal damage. Implications for autism and chronic fatigue syndrome treatment.
11. A molecular model of the interaction between vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor and vitamin D receptor.
Fiore MG, Magherini S, Morucci G, Branca JJV, Pacini S, Gulisano M and Ruggiero M. (P50). Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology (2013) 118 (Suppl. 2): S89.
On the physiological molecular assembly of GcMAF. Its interaction with the VDR signalling is elucidated. The molecular mechanism explaining why GcMAF has so many biological effects with therapeutic implications.
12. Alpha‐N‐acetylgalactosaminidase levels in cancer patients are affected by Vitamin D binding protein‐derived macrophage activating factor.
Gulisano M, Pacini S, Thyer L, Morucci G, Branca JJV, Smith R, Wards E and Noakes D. (P85). Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology (2013) 118 (Suppl. 2): S104.
GcMAF has a significant therapeutic effect in 20 patients with advanced cancer. These results are presented at the 67th National Congress of the Italian Society of Anatomy and Histology. This is one of the oldest and most respected European Scientific Societies, founded in 1929
13. The immune stimulant properties of vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor can minimise morbidity in gynaecological cancers. Smith R.
Abstr. British Gynaecological Cancer Society and Irish Gynaecological Cancer Society annual meeting. P027-92, 2013. Belfast, Ireland.
14. Molecular interaction of vitamin D binding protein macrophage activating factor with vitamin D receptor; a new perspective in endometrial cancer. Thyer L.
Abstr. British Gynaecological Cancer Society and Irish Gynaecological Cancer Society annual meeting. P136-201, 2013. Belfast, Ireland.
15. Immunotherapeutic Effects of Vitamin D-binding Protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) on Human Breast Cancer Cells.
Ruggiero M, Pacini S, Ward E, Smith RJ, Thyer L, Gulisano M. Multifaceted Abstr. 5th Immunotherapeutic and Immunomonitoring Conference 2013, San Diego, CA, USA.
On the effects of GcMAF on human breast cancer cells.
16. On the effects of Vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) on human breast cancer and neuroblastoma cells.
Ward E, Smith RJ, Thyer L, and Noakes D.
Abstr. 3rd Immunotherapeutic and Immunomonitoring Conference 2013, Krakow, Poland.
17. Role of Vitamin D Binding Protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) in the immunotherapy of cancer.
Lynda Thyer; Rod Smith; Emma Wards; David Noakes.
Conference proceedings, II Anticancer drugs 2013. O19-27 Stockholm, Sweden.
18. Group component protein-derived macrophage activating factor stimulates macrophages that induce human breast cancer cell apoptosis.
M. Ruggiero, L. Thyer, E. Ward, R. Smith, J.J.V. Branca, M. Gulisano, G. Morucci, S. Pacini.
Intl. J. Gynecol. Cancer. ECCO meeting abstr. 2013. Ovarian and Breast Cancer. P. 140.
19. Vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation and decreases alpha-N-acetyl galactosaminidase in breast cancer patiens
L. Thyer, G. Morucci, J.J.V. Branca, E. Ward, R. Smith, D. Noakes
Intl. J. Gynecol. Cancer. ECCO meeting abstr. 2013. Ovarian and Breast Cancer. P. 145.
20. American Journal of Immunology. Effects of GcMAF on human neurons and ME/CFS treatment. Published the 8th November.
GcMAF is able to increase the viability and the metabolism of human neurons, and, most important, to induce neurons to establish contact with each other. As it is well known in the field of neurosciences, a decreased connectivity among neuronal circuits is at the basis of most, if not all, neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. The paper also explains why GcMAF combats pain.
http://thescipub.com/abstract/10.3844/ajisp.2013.120.129
List of 25 peer-reviewed scientific publications that use our GcMAF16 have been produced by Immuno Biotech Ltd.
2011
1. Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) stimulates cAMP formation in human mononuclear cells and inhibits angiogenesis in chick embryo chorionallantoic membrane assay.
Pacini S, Morucci G, Punzi T, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M.
Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2011 Apr;60(4):479-85. doi: 10.1007/s00262-010-0953-7. Epub 2010 Dec 14.
Here it is demonstrated that GcMAF from Immuno Biotech Ltd is as effective as Dr. Yamamoto’s GcMAF in inhibiting angiogenesis, a key event in tumour progression.
2. Effects of Cadmium and vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (DBP-MAF) in human breast cancer cells.
Massimo Gulisano, Tiziana Punzi, Gabriele Morucci, Marco Ruggiero.
It. J. Anat. Embryol. Vol. 116, No 1 (Supplement) 2011.
Here it is demonstrated that GcMAF counteracts the noxious effects of Cadmium, an ubiquitous heavy metal pollutant involved in autism, chronic fatigue syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases.
2012
1. Effects of vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage-activating factor on human breast cancer cells.
Pacini S, Punzi T, Morucci G, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M.
Anticancer Res. 2012 Jan;32(1):45-52.
On the effects of GcMAF in human breast cancer cells in vitro. GcMAF reverts the neoplastic phenotype; cancer cells become normal and are deprived of their metastatic potential.
2. Effect of paricalcitol and GcMAF on angiogenesis and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation and signaling.
Pacini S, Morucci G, Punzi T, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M, Amato M, Aterini S.
J Nephrol. 2012 Jul-Aug;25(4):577-81. doi: 10.5301/jn.5000035.
GcMAF stimulates human monoctyes and the individual responsiveness is dependent upon the vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotype. GcMAF in chronic kidney disease.
3. Cadmium toxicity, with particular regard to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome; application of transcranial sonography to the study of cadmium-induced neuronal damage.
Massimo Gulisano, Gabriele Morucci, Stefania Pacini, Jacopo Branca and Marco Ruggiero.
Abstr. International Cadmium Symposium 2012, Sassari, Italy, P. 36.
GcMAF counteracts the effects of toxic Cadmium. Relevant for ME/CFS, and the first transcranial sonography paper.
2013
1. Effects of vitamin D3 and paricalcitol on immature cardiomyocytes: a novel role for vitamin d analogs in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Pacini S, Morucci G, Branca JJ, Aterini S, Amato M, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M.
Nutrients. 2013 Jun 7;5(6):2076-92. doi: 10.3390/nu5062076.
GcMAF increases energy production at the mitochondrial level. These results explain the reported increase of energy observed by patients treated with GcMAF for different diseases.
2. A novel role for a major component of the vitamin D axis: vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor induces human breast cancer cell apoptosis through stimulation of macrophages.
Thyer L, Ward E, Smith R, Fiore MG, Magherini S, Branca JJ, Morucci G, Gulisano M, Ruggiero M, Pacini S.
Nutrients. 2013 Jul 8;5(7):2577-89. doi: 10.3390/nu5072577.
GcMAF activates macrophages that attack and destroy human breast cancer cells. The molecular assembly and mode of action of GcMAF are elucidated. For the first time an interconnection with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) signalling is presented.
This paper is in the top 5% of all articles ever tracked by Altmetric. The Altmetric score is one measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that this article has received. Altmetric has tracked more than 1.500.000 articles across all journals so far. Compared to these this article has done particularly well and is in the 95th percentile.
http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=www.mdpi.com&citation_id=1633677#
3. Therapeutic effects of highly purified de-glycosylated GcMAF in the immunotherapy of patients with chronic diseases.
Lynda Thyer, Emma Ward, Rodney Smith, Jacopo J.V. Branca, Gabriele Morucci, Massimo Gulisano, David Noakes and Stefania Pacini. DOI : 10.3844/ajisp.2013.78.84.
American Journal of Immunology. Volume 9, Issue 3. Pages 78-84.
http://www.thescipub.com/abstract/10.3844/ajisp.2013.78.84 – the .PDF is on the right.
On the therapeutic effects of GcMAF in patients with cancer, autism, chronic fatigue syndrome, Lyme disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This is the first report on the therapeutic effects of GcMAF in patients with these dreadful neurological diseases.
4. Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor decreases α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase levels in advanced cancer patients.
Thyer L, Ward E, Smith R, Branca JJ, Morucci G, Gulisano M, Noakes D, Eslinger R, Pacini S. OncoImmunology 2013; 2:e25769; http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/onci.25769.
On the therapeutic effects of GcMAF in 20 patients with advanced cancer defined as incurable. Clinical cases of breast, prostate, bladder, ovarian, colon, tongue, larynx, head and neck carcinomas, lymphomas and oligodedroglioma.
This paper has been awarded the front cover of the August issue of the Journal OncoImmunology.
5. Initial Observations of elevated Alpha-n-Acetylgalactosaminidase Activity Associated with Autism and Observed Reductions from GC Protein—Macrophage Activating Factor Injections. James Jeffrey Bradstreet, emar Vogelaar and Lynda Thyer.
Autism Insights 2012:4 31–38. doi: 10.4137/AUI.S10485.
On the therapeutic effects of GcMAF in autism. Autism is eradicated in a significant percentage of cases. About 85% of subjects show improvement following GcMAF treatment.
6. Study of aminoacidic sequences of vitamin D binding proteins involved in macrophage activation.
Fiore MG, Magherini S, Gulisano M, Pacini S and Ruggiero M (2013).
Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.01124.
On the physiological molecular assembly of GcMAF.
7. Multifaceted immunotherapeutic effects of vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) on human breast cancer and neuroblastoma cells.
Ruggiero M, Pacini S, Morucci G, Branca J, Ward E, Smith RJ, Thyer L and Gulisano M (2013).
Front. Immunol. Conference Abstract: 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI). doi: 10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00221.
On the multifaceted effects of GcMAF in human breast cancer cells and human neuroblastoma (a brain tumour) cells. Here it is demonstrated that when GcMAF is prepared according to its molecular configuration, it is 100 fold more effective than “regular” GcMAF in destroying human cancer cells.
8. Effects of vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor on human neuroblastoma cells and predicted molecular interaction with the vitamin D receptor.
M. Ruggiero, M.G. Fiore, S. Magherini, G. Morucci, J.J.V. Branca, M. Gulisano, L. Thyer, S. Pacini. Abstr.
The European Cancer Congress 2013. P91-596. Amsterdam, 2013.
On the molecular events responsible for the anticancer effects of GcMAF.
9. Vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor
stimulates proliferation and signalling in a human neuronal cell line.
Morucci G, Fiore MG, Magherini S, Branca JJV, Gulisano M, Thyer L, Ruggiero M and Pacini S.
Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology (2013) 118 (Suppl. 2): S143 (P28).
The effects of GcMAF on human neurons explain its therapeutic effects in autism, chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
10. Treatment and Prevention of Cadmium-induced alterations on human neurons.
Morucci G, Branca JJV, Ruggiero M, Gulisano M and Pacini S. (P29).
Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology (2013) 118 (Suppl. 2): S144.
GcMAF has a neuro-protective effect against heavy metal-induced neuronal damage. Implications for autism and chronic fatigue syndrome treatment.
11. A molecular model of the interaction between vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor and vitamin D receptor.
Fiore MG, Magherini S, Morucci G, Branca JJV, Pacini S, Gulisano M and Ruggiero M. (P50). Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology (2013) 118 (Suppl. 2): S89.
On the physiological molecular assembly of GcMAF. Its interaction with the VDR signalling is elucidated. The molecular mechanism explaining why GcMAF has so many biological effects with therapeutic implications.
12. Alpha‐N‐acetylgalactosaminidase levels in cancer patients are affected by Vitamin D binding protein‐derived macrophage activating factor.
Gulisano M, Pacini S, Thyer L, Morucci G, Branca JJV, Smith R, Wards E and Noakes D. (P85). Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology (2013) 118 (Suppl. 2): S104.
GcMAF has a significant therapeutic effect in 20 patients with advanced cancer. These results are presented at the 67th National Congress of the Italian Society of Anatomy and Histology. This is one of the oldest and most respected European Scientific Societies, founded in 1929
13. The immune stimulant properties of vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor can minimise morbidity in gynaecological cancers. Smith R.
Abstr. British Gynaecological Cancer Society and Irish Gynaecological Cancer Society annual meeting. P027-92, 2013. Belfast, Ireland.
14. Molecular interaction of vitamin D binding protein macrophage activating factor with vitamin D receptor; a new perspective in endometrial cancer. Thyer L.
Abstr. British Gynaecological Cancer Society and Irish Gynaecological Cancer Society annual meeting. P136-201, 2013. Belfast, Ireland.
15. Immunotherapeutic Effects of Vitamin D-binding Protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) on Human Breast Cancer Cells.
Ruggiero M, Pacini S, Ward E, Smith RJ, Thyer L, Gulisano M. Multifaceted Abstr. 5th Immunotherapeutic and Immunomonitoring Conference 2013, San Diego, CA, USA.
On the effects of GcMAF on human breast cancer cells.
16. On the effects of Vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) on human breast cancer and neuroblastoma cells.
Ward E, Smith RJ, Thyer L, and Noakes D.
Abstr. 3rd Immunotherapeutic and Immunomonitoring Conference 2013, Krakow, Poland.
17. Role of Vitamin D Binding Protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) in the immunotherapy of cancer.
Lynda Thyer; Rod Smith; Emma Wards; David Noakes.
Conference proceedings, II Anticancer drugs 2013. O19-27 Stockholm, Sweden.
18. Group component protein-derived macrophage activating factor stimulates macrophages that induce human breast cancer cell apoptosis.
M. Ruggiero, L. Thyer, E. Ward, R. Smith, J.J.V. Branca, M. Gulisano, G. Morucci, S. Pacini.
Intl. J. Gynecol. Cancer. ECCO meeting abstr. 2013. Ovarian and Breast Cancer. P. 140.
19. Vitamin D binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation and decreases alpha-N-acetyl galactosaminidase in breast cancer patiens
L. Thyer, G. Morucci, J.J.V. Branca, E. Ward, R. Smith, D. Noakes
Intl. J. Gynecol. Cancer. ECCO meeting abstr. 2013. Ovarian and Breast Cancer. P. 145.
20. American Journal of Immunology. Effects of GcMAF on human neurons and ME/CFS treatment. Published the 8th November.
GcMAF is able to increase the viability and the metabolism of human neurons, and, most important, to induce neurons to establish contact with each other. As it is well known in the field of neurosciences, a decreased connectivity among neuronal circuits is at the basis of most, if not all, neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. The paper also explains why GcMAF combats pain.
http://thescipub.com/abstract/10.3844/ajisp.2013.120.129
https://gcmaf.se/our-scientific-publications/#tab-Krakow
Immuno Biotech presents GcMAF in the USA and DubaiOn the 1st February 2013 in simultaneous presentations at the 5th Immunotherapeutics Conference in San Diego, California, and 8,000 miles away at the PMTC International Cancer Conference at the University of Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates, Immuno Biotech (gcmaf.eu) published its latest research abstract.
They included videos, taken through high powered microscopes in their laboratory, showing cancer cells being destroyed using GcMAF molecules, which they extract from the human immune system.
Lynda Thyer, one of Immuno Biotech’s biomedical scientists, had not been to the USA or presented to over 200 American scientists before. But she was congratulated by other scientists afterwards, and a number of scientists said her presentation would re-direct their work.
David Noakes, the CEO of Immuno Biotech, presented at the University of Sharjah, and was told afterwards his presentation was the most easily understood in the three days of the conference, The University asked him to provide some GcMAF for use with their huge library of 2,000 cell lines, so that it can be tested with many more types of cancers in the laboratory. At the moment, GcMAF has human trials with many more types of cancer than it has in laboratory tests.
The University of Sharjah has facilities, funded, of course, by oil revenues, that Western Universities can only dream about. They are a top player with cancer and molecular research, attracting resident Professors from all over the world, and partners with the Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute in France, some of whose scientists said they would attend the GcMAF immunology Conference 2013 sponsored by Immuno Biotech.
David also made a third conference presentation, Immuno Biotechs “GcMAF in Autism” Research Paper co authored with Dr Jeffery Bradstreet at the International Dubai Autism Conference at the Zayed University Convention Centre, and has already been asked to supply GcMAF for autism trials there, adding to the 1500 results so far.
There are 59 research papers by 142 eminent scientists on GcMAF, and Immuno Biotech Ltd are immensely proud to be adding their first two research papers to the list, with plans for lab experiments and human trial results data for at least another 6 papers this year. The first of those is already finished, and has been accepted at the Immunotherapy and Immunomonitoring Conference Krakow, Poland, 22-24th April.
GcMAF is a vital part of our immune system; we don’t live long without it. Immuno Biotech extracts and isolates GcMAF in its laboratory, and has supplied 4,000 people through 300 doctors in 30 nations. Not bad for a tiny Guernsey company, particularly as HSSD tried to block them by making Guernsey the only nation in the world to ban GcMAF.
Contact: Beate Keisa, Immuno Biotech Ltd.
0044 7781 411737 http://www.gcmaf.se and click “contact” at the top to email
They included videos, taken through high powered microscopes in their laboratory, showing cancer cells being destroyed using GcMAF molecules, which they extract from the human immune system.
Lynda Thyer, one of Immuno Biotech’s biomedical scientists, had not been to the USA or presented to over 200 American scientists before. But she was congratulated by other scientists afterwards, and a number of scientists said her presentation would re-direct their work.
David Noakes, the CEO of Immuno Biotech, presented at the University of Sharjah, and was told afterwards his presentation was the most easily understood in the three days of the conference, The University asked him to provide some GcMAF for use with their huge library of 2,000 cell lines, so that it can be tested with many more types of cancers in the laboratory. At the moment, GcMAF has human trials with many more types of cancer than it has in laboratory tests.
The University of Sharjah has facilities, funded, of course, by oil revenues, that Western Universities can only dream about. They are a top player with cancer and molecular research, attracting resident Professors from all over the world, and partners with the Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute in France, some of whose scientists said they would attend the GcMAF immunology Conference 2013 sponsored by Immuno Biotech.
David also made a third conference presentation, Immuno Biotechs “GcMAF in Autism” Research Paper co authored with Dr Jeffery Bradstreet at the International Dubai Autism Conference at the Zayed University Convention Centre, and has already been asked to supply GcMAF for autism trials there, adding to the 1500 results so far.
There are 59 research papers by 142 eminent scientists on GcMAF, and Immuno Biotech Ltd are immensely proud to be adding their first two research papers to the list, with plans for lab experiments and human trial results data for at least another 6 papers this year. The first of those is already finished, and has been accepted at the Immunotherapy and Immunomonitoring Conference Krakow, Poland, 22-24th April.
GcMAF is a vital part of our immune system; we don’t live long without it. Immuno Biotech extracts and isolates GcMAF in its laboratory, and has supplied 4,000 people through 300 doctors in 30 nations. Not bad for a tiny Guernsey company, particularly as HSSD tried to block them by making Guernsey the only nation in the world to ban GcMAF.
Contact: Beate Keisa, Immuno Biotech Ltd.
0044 7781 411737 http://www.gcmaf.se and click “contact” at the top to email
A Novel Role for a Major Component of the Vitamin D Axis: Vitamin D Binding Protein-Derived Macrophage Activating Factor Induces Human Breast Cancer Cell Apoptosis through Stimulation of Macrophages
Nutrients 2013, 5, 2577-2589;; doi:10.3390/nu5072577 Published 8th July 2013 – and inside 2 months this paper was in the top 5% most read scientific papers of all time (Altmetric measures 1.5 million papers)
or: GcMAF causes cancer cell suicide via macrophages.
Oleic acid and vitamin D combined with the GcMAF molecule; 23 amino acid alignment; VDR interaction; paricalcitrol (Zemplar; used in CKD)
“The last 23 hydrophobic amino acids of VDR, located at the inner part of the plasma membrane, interact with the first 23 hydrophobic amino acids of the GcMAF located at the external part of the plasma membrane. This allows 1,25(OH)(2)D3 and oleic acid to become sandwiched between the two vitamin D-binding proteins, thus postulating a novel molecular mode of interaction between GcMAF and VDR.”
“Paricalcitol was added at the concentration of 300 fg/mL. At this concentration, paricalcitol did not exert any effect. In the presence of paricalcitol (300 fg/mL), the effect of 4 ng/mL GcMAF was identical to that of 40 ng/mL GcMAF in the absence of paricalcitol. These results demonstrate that the presence of a selective VDR agonist at a concentration that is not sufficient to activate VDR per se increases by an order of magnitude the response to GcMAF.”
FinalNutrients-05-02577
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/7/2577
And in The US National Library of Medicine (Pubmed) it is: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23857228
Nutrients 2013, 5, 2577-2589;; doi:10.3390/nu5072577 Published 8th July 2013 – and inside 2 months this paper was in the top 5% most read scientific papers of all time (Altmetric measures 1.5 million papers)
or: GcMAF causes cancer cell suicide via macrophages.
Oleic acid and vitamin D combined with the GcMAF molecule; 23 amino acid alignment; VDR interaction; paricalcitrol (Zemplar; used in CKD)
“The last 23 hydrophobic amino acids of VDR, located at the inner part of the plasma membrane, interact with the first 23 hydrophobic amino acids of the GcMAF located at the external part of the plasma membrane. This allows 1,25(OH)(2)D3 and oleic acid to become sandwiched between the two vitamin D-binding proteins, thus postulating a novel molecular mode of interaction between GcMAF and VDR.”
“Paricalcitol was added at the concentration of 300 fg/mL. At this concentration, paricalcitol did not exert any effect. In the presence of paricalcitol (300 fg/mL), the effect of 4 ng/mL GcMAF was identical to that of 40 ng/mL GcMAF in the absence of paricalcitol. These results demonstrate that the presence of a selective VDR agonist at a concentration that is not sufficient to activate VDR per se increases by an order of magnitude the response to GcMAF.”
FinalNutrients-05-02577
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/7/2577
And in The US National Library of Medicine (Pubmed) it is: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23857228
This is the first published clinical paper since Yamamoto’s on patients, and its peer reviewed and published by the prestigious scientific journal Oncolmmunology, where it made the front page! Here we report on 20 patients, but we have hundreds to report on.
“GcMAF decreases nagalase levels in advanced cancer patients”
Documents excellent results with cancer of the bladder, prostate, breast, throat, tongue, colon, head and neck, ovarian and lymphoma
https://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/oncoimmunology/article/25769/
And its now also in the US National Library of Medicine: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24179708
“GcMAF decreases nagalase levels in advanced cancer patients”
Documents excellent results with cancer of the bladder, prostate, breast, throat, tongue, colon, head and neck, ovarian and lymphoma
https://www.landesbioscience.com/journals/oncoimmunology/article/25769/
And its now also in the US National Library of Medicine: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24179708
Published in the American Journal of Immunology 9 (3): 78-84, 2013 on the 20th August 2013. This is the second published clinical paper since Yamamoto’s on patients. Our last one was published only two weeks ago!
“Therapeutic effects of highly purified de-glycosylated GcMAF in the immunotherapy of patients with chronic diseases”
See: http://thescipub.com/aji.toc
The clinical cases successfully treated with GcMAF in this paper include cancer, and for the very first time, ME/CFS, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and MS, multiple sclerosis.
“Therapeutic effects of highly purified de-glycosylated GcMAF in the immunotherapy of patients with chronic diseases”
See: http://thescipub.com/aji.toc
The clinical cases successfully treated with GcMAF in this paper include cancer, and for the very first time, ME/CFS, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and MS, multiple sclerosis.
Published in the American Journal of Immunology 9 (3): 78-84, 2013 on the 20th August 2013. This is the second published clinical paper since Yamamoto’s on patients. Our last one was published only two weeks ago!
“Therapeutic effects of highly purified de-glycosylated GcMAF in the immunotherapy of patients with chronic diseases”
See: http://thescipub.com/aji.toc
The clinical cases successfully treated with GcMAF in this paper include cancer, and for the very first time, ME/CFS, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and MS, multiple sclerosis.
“Therapeutic effects of highly purified de-glycosylated GcMAF in the immunotherapy of patients with chronic diseases”
See: http://thescipub.com/aji.toc
The clinical cases successfully treated with GcMAF in this paper include cancer, and for the very first time, ME/CFS, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and MS, multiple sclerosis.
Published in Frontiers in Immunology and presented at the 15th International Congress of Immunology (ICI), Milan, Italy, 22 Aug – 27 Aug, 2013.
“Multifaceted immunotherapeutic effects of vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) on human breast cancer and neuroblastoma cells”
See: http://www.frontiersin.org/10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00221/event_abstract?sname=15th_International_Congress_of_Immunology_%28ICI%29
In the laboratory, as well as proving apoptosis in breast cancer, “Finally, we demonstrate the GcMAF inhibited proliferation of human brain neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y, ATCC) and induced morphological changes consistent with induction of apoptosis.”
Each Frontiers article is a landmark of the highest quality, thanks to genuinely collaborative interactions between authors and review editors, who include some of the world’s best academicians. Frontiers is well aware of the potential impact of published research both on future research and on society and, hence, does not support superficial review, light review or no-review publishing models.
Research must be certified by peers before entering a stream of knowledge that may eventually reach the public – and shape society. Therefore, Frontiers only applies the most rigorous and unbiased reviews, established in the high standards of the Frontiers Review System. Furthermore, only the top certified research, evaluated through the democratic Frontiers Evaluation System, is disseminated to increasingly wider communities as it gradually climbs the tiers of the Frontiers Tiering System from specialized expert readership towards public understanding.
“Multifaceted immunotherapeutic effects of vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) on human breast cancer and neuroblastoma cells”
See: http://www.frontiersin.org/10.3389/conf.fimmu.2013.02.00221/event_abstract?sname=15th_International_Congress_of_Immunology_%28ICI%29
In the laboratory, as well as proving apoptosis in breast cancer, “Finally, we demonstrate the GcMAF inhibited proliferation of human brain neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y, ATCC) and induced morphological changes consistent with induction of apoptosis.”
Each Frontiers article is a landmark of the highest quality, thanks to genuinely collaborative interactions between authors and review editors, who include some of the world’s best academicians. Frontiers is well aware of the potential impact of published research both on future research and on society and, hence, does not support superficial review, light review or no-review publishing models.
Research must be certified by peers before entering a stream of knowledge that may eventually reach the public – and shape society. Therefore, Frontiers only applies the most rigorous and unbiased reviews, established in the high standards of the Frontiers Review System. Furthermore, only the top certified research, evaluated through the democratic Frontiers Evaluation System, is disseminated to increasingly wider communities as it gradually climbs the tiers of the Frontiers Tiering System from specialized expert readership towards public understanding.
Published in the American Journal of Immunology 9 (3): 78-84, 2013 on the 20th August 2013. This is the second published clinical paper since Yamamoto’s on patients. Our last one was published only two weeks ago!
“Therapeutic effects of highly purified de-glycosylated GcMAF in the immunotherapy of patients with chronic diseases”
See: http://thescipub.com/aji.toc
The clinical cases successfully treated with GcMAF in this paper include cancer, and for the very first time, ME/CFS, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and MS, multiple sclerosis.
Presented at the 67°th Congress of the Italian Society of Anatomy and Histology, held in Brescia on September 20-22, 2013.
See: http://www.siai.unifi.it/congresso2013.html P28
This paper has been accepted for publication in the Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, a peer-reviewed journal indexed in the National Library of Medicine of the USA (Gulisano M et al, It J Anat Embryol 118 (S2): 104, 2013).
In this study the Authors describe the effects of GcMAF in patients with advanced tumours that include breast, ovarian, prostate, bladder, tongue, colorectal, head and neck cancers as well as lymphoma and oligodendroglioma (a rare brain tumour).
The Authors conclude that GcMAF is likely the most potent immunotherapeutic tool in the fight against cancer as well as autism, chronic fatigue syndrome and other
neurological conditions.
“Therapeutic effects of highly purified de-glycosylated GcMAF in the immunotherapy of patients with chronic diseases”
See: http://thescipub.com/aji.toc
The clinical cases successfully treated with GcMAF in this paper include cancer, and for the very first time, ME/CFS, ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and MS, multiple sclerosis.
Presented at the 67°th Congress of the Italian Society of Anatomy and Histology, held in Brescia on September 20-22, 2013.
See: http://www.siai.unifi.it/congresso2013.html P28
This paper has been accepted for publication in the Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology, a peer-reviewed journal indexed in the National Library of Medicine of the USA (Gulisano M et al, It J Anat Embryol 118 (S2): 104, 2013).
In this study the Authors describe the effects of GcMAF in patients with advanced tumours that include breast, ovarian, prostate, bladder, tongue, colorectal, head and neck cancers as well as lymphoma and oligodendroglioma (a rare brain tumour).
The Authors conclude that GcMAF is likely the most potent immunotherapeutic tool in the fight against cancer as well as autism, chronic fatigue syndrome and other
neurological conditions.
The many effects of GcMAF on cancer.Abstract: Multifaceted immunotherapeutic effects of vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) on human breast cancer cellsThyer L**, Gulisano M* Published at the 5th Immunotherapeutics & Immunomonitoring Conference January 31st 2013 San Diego, CA, USA. And presented to the International PMTC Cancer Conference at the University of Sharjah UAE on the 1st February 2013.
Vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) is a powerful stimulant of the immune system that has been proposed as an immunotherapeutic agent in the treatment a variety of conditions ranging from cancer to neurological disorders.
We previously demonstrated that GcMAF added to human breast cancer cells exerts multiple effects that concur to its antitumor potential; in fact, GcMAF inhibited cancer cell proliferation and metastatic potential, reverted the neoplastic phenotype and inhibited cancer cell-induced angiogenesis, a critical step in cancer progression.
In the present study, we describe for the first time the effects of GcMAF on the activation of macrophages that were added to a culture of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 (HPA Culture Collection). MCF-7 cells, incubated for 2 days, showed the anarchic morphology typical of carcinoma cells. They grouped in disordered cell masses extending above the cell monolayer that appeared as large lumps of cells protruding upwards.
Macrophages (cell line Raw 264.7, HPA Culture Collection) were activated by culturing them in the presence of 100 ng/ml GcMAF (Immuno Biotech Ltd) for 72 h prior to addition to the MCF-7 cell culture. The macrophages were added at a ratio of 1:1 to the MCF-7 cells. The cells were then allowed to settle for 1 h before time lapse photography. Photography was taken over a 60 h period using an Olympus CK2 microscope and a GXCAM-3 with NCH Debut capture software.
Results – Analysis of filmUn-stimulated macrophages appeared as round spherical cells that refract light. Once activated by GcMAF, macrophages sent out cytoplasmic protrusions that we interpreted as if the cells were trying to seek out and make contact with MCF-7 cancer cells. After about 60 h, it could be observed that the irregular growth of the breast carcinoma cells was arrested and the large protruding cell biomass was reduced. Carcinoma cells were phagocytised by the activated macrophages.
Taken together, these results support and reinforce the hypothesis that GcMAF is a molecule endowed with multiple biological activities relating to its antitumor properties.
It inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation and metastatic potential; it reverts the neoplastic phenotype; it inhibits cancer cell-induced angiogenesis; and it stimulates tumoricidal macrophages that phagocytise cancer cells. It is foreseeable that GcMAF will soon become part of an integrated immunotherapy approach to breast cancer. (END)
Vitamin D-binding protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) is a powerful stimulant of the immune system that has been proposed as an immunotherapeutic agent in the treatment a variety of conditions ranging from cancer to neurological disorders.
We previously demonstrated that GcMAF added to human breast cancer cells exerts multiple effects that concur to its antitumor potential; in fact, GcMAF inhibited cancer cell proliferation and metastatic potential, reverted the neoplastic phenotype and inhibited cancer cell-induced angiogenesis, a critical step in cancer progression.
In the present study, we describe for the first time the effects of GcMAF on the activation of macrophages that were added to a culture of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 (HPA Culture Collection). MCF-7 cells, incubated for 2 days, showed the anarchic morphology typical of carcinoma cells. They grouped in disordered cell masses extending above the cell monolayer that appeared as large lumps of cells protruding upwards.
Macrophages (cell line Raw 264.7, HPA Culture Collection) were activated by culturing them in the presence of 100 ng/ml GcMAF (Immuno Biotech Ltd) for 72 h prior to addition to the MCF-7 cell culture. The macrophages were added at a ratio of 1:1 to the MCF-7 cells. The cells were then allowed to settle for 1 h before time lapse photography. Photography was taken over a 60 h period using an Olympus CK2 microscope and a GXCAM-3 with NCH Debut capture software.
Results – Analysis of filmUn-stimulated macrophages appeared as round spherical cells that refract light. Once activated by GcMAF, macrophages sent out cytoplasmic protrusions that we interpreted as if the cells were trying to seek out and make contact with MCF-7 cancer cells. After about 60 h, it could be observed that the irregular growth of the breast carcinoma cells was arrested and the large protruding cell biomass was reduced. Carcinoma cells were phagocytised by the activated macrophages.
Taken together, these results support and reinforce the hypothesis that GcMAF is a molecule endowed with multiple biological activities relating to its antitumor properties.
It inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation and metastatic potential; it reverts the neoplastic phenotype; it inhibits cancer cell-induced angiogenesis; and it stimulates tumoricidal macrophages that phagocytise cancer cells. It is foreseeable that GcMAF will soon become part of an integrated immunotherapy approach to breast cancer. (END)
